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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 19.
Published in final edited form as: J Invest Dermatol. 2020 Apr;140(4):723–728.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.018

Table 2.

CRISPR Toolset for Genetic Screens

DNA Binding Protein DNA Cleavage? Effector Mechanistic Result Assess the Role of
Cas9 Yes None Loss-of-function (knockout) Protein-coding genes, miRNAs, enhancers, …
dCas9 No None Transcriptional repression All genes
KRAB (CRISPR interference) Transcriptional repression All genes
VP16, VP64 (CRISPR activation) Transcriptional activation All genes

Abbreviation: dCas9, dead Cas9.