Table 4.

Evidence of use of cannabis component as a novel anticancer agent [8, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105]

Type of study	Objective	Result	Year	Ref.
Clinical study	Spontaneous regression of septum pellucidum/forniceal pilocytic astrocytomas possible role of cannabis inhalation	Spontaneous regression on benign brain tumor may have been associated with cannabis use	2011	[100]
Preclinical study	Antitumor activity of abnormal CBD and its analog O-1602 in Taxol-resistant preclinical models of breast cancer	Some cannabinoids acting through some GPCRs inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines	2019	[101]
Preclinical study	Antitumoral action of cannabinoids on hepatocellular carcinoma: role of AMPK-dependent activation of autophagy	THC reduced the viability of cells of hepatocellular carcinoma	2011	[90]
Preclinical study	A combined preclinical therapy of cannabinoids and TMZ, against glioma	THC and TMZ exert a strong antitumor effect against glioma	2011	[87]
Preclinical study	Cannabinoids reduce ErbB2-driven breast cancer progression through Akt inhibition	Cannabinoids reduced ErbB2-driven breast cancer progression through Akt inhibition	2010	[89]
Preclinical study	Δ 9-THC inhibits epithelial growth factor-induced lung cancer cell migration in vitro as well as its growth and metastasis in vivo	THC inhibits epithelial growth factor-induced cancer cell migration in vitro as well as its growth and metastases in vivo	2008	[88]
Preclinical study	CBD as a novel inhibitor of Id-1 gene expression in aggressive breast cancer cells	CBD as novel inhibitor of Id-1 gene expression in aggressive breast cancer cells	2007	[102]
Preclinical study	A pilot clinical study of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme	THC and other cannabinoids inhibits brain tumor growth	2006	[8]
Preclinical study	Δ9-THC-induced apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia T cells is regulated by translocation of Bad to mitochondria	THC-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells	2006	[103]
Preclinical study	Cannabinoids induce apoptosis of pancreatic tumor cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes	CBD administration-induced apoptosis in pancreatic adenocarcinomas	2006	[104]
Preclinical study	Cannabinoid receptor-mediated apoptosis induced by R (+)-methanandamide and Win55, 212-2 is associated with ceramide accumulation and p38 activation in mantle cell lymphoma	Cannabinoids induce apoptosis and growth inhibition in mantel cell lymphoma	2006	[105]
Preclinical study	Antitumor effects of CBD, a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, on human glioma cell lines	CBD was able to produce a significant antitumor activity in both in vivo and in vitro conditions	2004	[85]
Preclinical study	The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation	Endogenous cannabinoid anandamide inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation	1998	[86]

THC, tetrahydrocannabinol; CBD, cannabidiol, TMZ, temozolomide.