Table 5.
Evidence of use of cannabis in chronic pain [97, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126]
| Type of study | Objective | Result | Year | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical study | Medical cannabis in patients with chronic pain: effect on pain relief, pain disability, and psychological aspects: a prospective nonrandomized single-arm clinical trial | Cannabis tea is effective in treatment of chronic pain | 2018 | [113] |
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| ||||
| Clinical study | Self-reported effectiveness and safety of Trokie® lozenges: a standardized formulation for the buccal delivery of cannabis extracts | Cannabis lozenges reduces pain | 2018 | [116] |
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| Clinical study | Marijuana use and short-term outcomes in patients hospitalized for AMI | Cannabis use is associated with decreased mortality in hospital after a heart attack | 2018 | [115] |
|
| ||||
| Clinical study | Medical cannabis legalization and opioid prescriptions: evidence on US Medicaid enrolled during 1993–2014 | Legalization of cannabis for medical use in US is associated with reduced opioid prescription | 2018 | [117] |
|
| ||||
| Clinical study | Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and costs associated with the treatment of chronic pain with medical cannabis | Cannabis reduces pain and increases quality of life with patients of chronic pain | 2018 | [118] |
|
| ||||
| Clinical study | Patterns of medicinal cannabis use, strain analysis, and substitution effect among patients with migraine, headache, arthritis, and chronic pain in a medicinal cannabis cohort | Patients under chronic pain often shifted from opioids to cannabis | 2018 | [119] |
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| Clinical study | Chronic pain treatment with CBD in kidney transplant patients in Uruguay | CBD reduces pain in patients with kidney transplant | 2018 | [120] |
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| Clinical study | Impact of coadministration of oxycodone and smoked cannabis on analgesia and abuse liability | Cannabis enhances the pain reducing effect when taken with opioid oxycodone | 2018 | [121] |
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| Clinical study | Cannabis use is associated with lower odds of prescription opioid analgesic use among HIV-infected individuals with chronic pain | Medical cannabis legislation might reduce the need of opioid analgesics for HIV-infected individuals with chronic pain | 2018 | [123] |
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| Clinical study | Medical cannabis for the treatment of fibromyalgia | Marijuana has a beneficial effect on patients with fibromyalgia | 2018 | [122] |
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| Clinical study | Effect of medical cannabis on thermal quantitative measurements of pain in patients with PD | Cannabis use improved pain and movement in patients with Parkinson's | 2017 | [124] |
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| Clinical study | Dronabinol increases pain threshold in patients with functional chest pain: a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | THC reduced pain intensity and odynophagia (painful swallowing) in patients with functional chest pain | 2017 | [111] |
|
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| Clinical study | Topical medical cannabis: a new treatment for wound pain − 3 cases of pyoderma Gangrenosum | Topical cannabis reduced wound pain | 2017 | [97] |
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| Clinical study | An exploratory human laboratory experiment evaluating vaporized cannabis in the treatment of neuropathic pain from spinal cord injury and disease | Inhaled cannabis reduced neuropathic pain in patients with spinal injury | 2016 | [112] |
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| Clinical study | The pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and ease of use of a novel portable metered-dose cannabis inhaler in patients with chronic neuropathic pain: a phase 1a study | A significant reduction in pain after inhalation of cannabis with neuropathic pain | 2014 | [110] |
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| Clinical study | Cannabis induces a clinical response in patients with Crohn's disease: a prospective placebo-controlled study | Cannabis produced significant clinical benefits in 10/11 patients with active Crohn's disease | 2013 | [125] |
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| Clinical study | Palmitoylethanolamide in the treatment of chronic pain caused by different etiopathogenetic | Significant pain relief with PEA in patients with chronic pain | 2012 | [126] |
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| Preclinical study | Potent immunomodulatory activity of a highly selective cannabinoid CB2 agonist on immune cells from healthy subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis | Activation of CB2 receptors counteracts inflammation of nerve cells | 2017 | [114] |
THC, tetrahydrocannabinol; CBD, cannabidiol; PEA, palmitoylethanolamide; AMI, acute myocardial infarction.