Table 1 |.

Examples of current clinical trials involving drug molecules

Drug	Status	Diseases	Clinical trial identifier	Disease indications	Parameters
Melatonin signalling
Melatonin	Phase III	Obesity; prediabetic state	NCT02681887	Night-shift work, blindness, myocardial syndrome, migraine, metabolic syndrome, ICU sleep disruption, dialysis, epilepsy, nocturnal enuresis, DSPS, non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder, jet lag, Smith–Magenis syndrome	Metabolic parameters, sleep, mood, insulin and β-cell function, blood coagulation, migraine attack frequency, seizure, incontinence
	Phase II	Migraine	NCT00849511
	Phase III	Sleep problems; haemodialysis	NCT00388661
	Phase II	Epilepsy	NCT00965575
Tasimelteon	Phase II	Smith–Magenis Syndrome	NCT02231008
	Phase III	Circadian rhythm alterations	NCT02231008
	Phase III	Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder	NCT01430754
	Phase II	Jet lag disorder	NCT03291041
Ramelteon	Phase II	Sleep disorders; circadian rhythm	NCT00593736
Orexin signalling
Modafinil	Phase IV	Bipolar disorder	NCT01965925	Bipolar disorder, long-term shiftwork, sleep disorder, Alzheimer disease	Sleep, circadian rhythms
Armodafinil (CEP 10953)	Phase III	Excessive sleepiness; shiftwork sleep disorder	NCT00080288
Lemborexant	Phase II	Irregular sleep–wake rhythm disorder	NCT03001557
Suvorexant	Phase IV	Shiftwork sleep disorder	NCT02491788
Combined or other signalling
Vitamin B12	Not applicable	Sleep disorders; circadian rhythm	NCT00120484	Night owl or DSPS	Sleep and circadian rhythm
Methylselenocysteine	Not applicable	Breast cancer; prostate cancer	NCT01611038	Night-shift work	Circadian rhythm and oestrogen receptor B levels
Melatonin and meal timing	Not applicable	Obesity; cardiometabolic diseases	NCT03490864	Obesity, chronic insomnia, DSPS	Sleep, circadian rhythm
Melatonin and light therapy	Phase IV	DSPS	NCT00834886
Ramelteon and multicomponent behavioural therapy	Phase IV	Insomnia	NCT01180855

DSPS, delayed sleep phase syndrome; ICU, intensive care unit.