TABLE 4.
Sleep-Disturbing Factors COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients during the first night.
| Prolonged Sleep Onset | Nocturnal Awakenings | Final Awakening | |||||
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| COVID-19 | Non-COVID-19 | COVID-19 | Non-COVID-19 | COVID-19 | Non-COVID-19 | ||
| Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic factorsa | |||||||
| 40.3%/59.7% | 64.1%/35.9% | 46.3%/53.7% | 56.4%/43.6% | 68.8%/31.2% | 69.1%/30.9% | ||
| Extrinsic Factors Top 3b | |||||||
| 1 | Noises of other patients (21.5 %) | Noises of other patients (28.0%) | Noises of other patients (25.3%) | Noises of other patients (32.0%) | Awakened by hospital staff (61.2%) | Awakened by hospital staff (54.0%) | |
| 2 | Noises from medical devices (13.9%) | Noises of hospital staff (22.0%) | Awakened by hospital staff (20.3%) | Noises of hospital staff (24.0%) | Noises of hospital staff (7.6%) | Noises of hospital staff (12.0%) | |
| 3 | Lights (8.9%) | Noises from medical devices/Awakened by hospital staff (16.0%) | Noises from medical devices (12.7%) | Noises from medical devices (18.0%) | Noises of other patients/Lights (5.1%) | Noises from medical devices (8.0%) | |
| Intrinsic Factors Top 3b | |||||||
| 1 | Dyspnea / Concerns about illness (19.0%) | Concerns about illness (20.0%) | Toilet visit (24.1%) | Toilet visit (34.0%) | Spontaneous (22.8%) | Spontaneous (22.0%) | |
| 2 | Anxiety (15.8%) | Pain/Too hot (12.0%) | Dyspnea (15.8%) | Pain (16.0%) | Toilet visit (6.3%) | Toilet visit/Self-set alarm (4.0%) | |
| 3 | Other intrinsic factorsc (17.7%) | Dyspnea / Anxiety (8.0%) | Concerns about illness (13.9%) | Too hot (12.0%) | Other intrinsic factorsc (6.0%) | Pain/Dyspnea / Anxiety / Concerns about illness/Too hot/cold (2.0%) | |
Table includes data from day 1 (COVID-19 n = 79, Non-COVID-19 n = 50).
Patients were allowed to assign multiple sleep disturbing factors to why they experienced a prolonged sleep onset latency and/or nocturnal awakenings. Only one answer could be assigned to what caused their final awakening.
aPercentages are the proportion of all sleep-disturbing factors mentioned for that moment in the night within that sub-group. Patients were allowed to assign multiple sleep disturbing factors to why they experienced a prolonged sleep onset latency and/or nocturnal awakenings. Only one answer could be assigned to what caused their final awakening.
bTop 3 most mentioned disturbing factors. Percentage of all patients in that sub-group (COVID-19/Non-COVID-19) that suffered from that sleep-disturbing factor.
cOther intrinsic factors e.g., general complaints due to COVID-19 infection, symptoms (i.e., coughing, headaches, dizziness, gastro-intestinal reflux, sweating).