Table 1.
Smoking and cessation behaviour among smokers of different cigarette flavours in ITC European countries
| Behaviour | Menthol | Other flavoured | Unflavoured tobacco | No usual flavour | Total | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cigarette dependence | ||||||
| Smoking daily % (95% CI) | 78.8 (74.8–82.3) | 89.3 (83.3–93.3) | 94.0 (93.3–94.6) | 79.8 (76.7–82.6) | 90.9 (90.2–91.7) | <0.001 |
| Cigarette smoked/day, % (95% CI) a | ||||||
| ≤10 | 64.5 (60.4–68.4) | 36.7 (29.6–44.5) | 37.3 (36.0–38.8) | 47.0 (43.1–51.2) | 40.5 (39.3–41.8) | <0.001 |
| 11–20 | 30.7 (27.0–34.6) | 49.6 (41.6–57.6) | 50.0 (48.6–51.3) | 39.1 (35.3–43.0) | 47.2 (46.0–48.5) | |
| 21–30 | 2.9 (1.9–4.5) | 7.2 (4.6–11.2) | 9.1 (8.3–9.9) | 9.4 (7.4–11.8) | 8.6 (7.9–9.3) | |
| ≥31 | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) | 6.4 (3.4–11.9) | 3.6 (3.1–4.2) | 4.4 (3.2–6.1) | 3.7 (3.2–4.2) | |
| Minutes to first cigarette, % (95% CI)b | ||||||
| >60 | 36.2 (31.7–40.9) | 19.3 (13.1–27.3) | 18.0 (16.9–19.1) | 25.2 (21.7–29.0) | 20.1 (19.0–21.2) | <0.001 |
| 31–60 | 16.7 (13.6–20.4) | 17.7 (13.0–23.7) | 16.2 (15.2–17.3) | 16.8 (14.0–20.0) | 16.4 (15.4–17.4) | |
| 6–30 | 33.9 (29.6–38.4) | 46.7 (39.4–54.1) | 45.1 (43.6–46.7) | 36.7 (32.7–40.1) | 43.5 (42.0–44.8) | |
| ≤5 | 13.2 (10.3–16.8) | 16.3 (10.0–25.6) | 20.7 (19.4–22.1) | 21.7 (18.5–25.3) | 20.2 (19.0–21.4) | |
| HSI, Mean (95% CI)c | 1.70 (1.56–1.85) | 2.49 (2.22–2.75) | 2.50 (2.46–2.55) | 2.36 (2.21–2.50) | 2.43 (2.39–2.47) | <0.001 |
| Consider themselves very addicted, % (95% CI) | 28.7 (25.0–32.7) | 34.6 (26.9–43.2) | 44.0 (42.5–45.6) | 30.5 (27.4–33.8) | 41.0 (39.6–42.3) | <0.001 |
| Plans and attitudes on quitting | % (95% CI) | |||||
| Plans to quit in the next 6 monthsd | 31.1 (27.1–35.5) | 17.5 (12.2–24.5) | 20.3 (19.2–21.4) | 20.4 (17.7–23.4) | 21.0 (20.0–22.0) | <0.001 |
| Plans to quit in the future | ||||||
| In the next month | 12.9 (10.0–16.4) | 3.1 (1.5–6.1) | 6.5 (5.8–7.2) | 7.7 (5.9–10.0) | 7.0 (6.4–7.7) | <0.001 |
| Next 6 months | 18.3 (15.1–22.0) | 14.4 (9.7–21.0) | 13.8 (12.9–14.8) | 12.7 (10.6–15.0) | 14.0 (13.2–14.9) | |
| Beyond 6 months | 33.7 (29.8–37.9) | 33.3 (25.8–41.8) | 31.4 (30.0–32.8) | 30.5 (27.4–33.9) | 31.5 (30.3–32.8) | |
| Not planning to quit | 27.0 (23.3–31.1) | 42.7 (32.9–53.1) | 40.6 (39.1–42.1) | 39.6 (35.8–43.7) | 39.6 (38.2–40.9) | |
| Don’t know | 8.1 (6.1–10.6) | 6.5 (3.1–13.0) | 7.7 (7.0–8.5) | 9.5 (7.3–12.3) | 7.9 (7.2–8.7) | |
| SEF: confidence to quit (sure would succeed at quitting)e | ||||||
| Not at all or slightly sure | 50.3 (45.8–54.8) | 62.5 (55.1–69.4) | 63.8 (62.4–65.1) | 52.6 (48.5–56.2) | 61.4 (60.1–62.2) | <0.001 |
| Moderately sure | 30.6 (26.6–35.0) | 21.6 (16.5–27.8) | 23.2 (22.0–24.5) | 27.3 (23.9–31.0) | 24.2 (23.1–25.4) | |
| Very or extremely sure | 19.1 (15.8–22.9) | 15.9 (10.8–22.9) | 13.0 (12.0–14.0) | 20.3 (17.3–23.8) | 14.4 (13.5–15.4) | |
| SEF: perceived difficulty of quitting (how hard to quit completely)f | ||||||
| Not at all or slightly | 27.5 (23.8–31.6) | 29.3 (22.1–37.8) | 20.0 (19.0–21.4) | 29.8 (26.4–33.3) | 22.1 (21.0–23.3) | <0.001 |
| Moderately | 20.3 (17.0–24.1) | 22.2 (17.3–28.0) | 20.8 (19.6–22.1) | 25.6 (22.1–29.3) | 21.4 (20.3–22.5) | |
| Very or extremely | 52.2 (47.8–56.5) | 48.5 (40.4–56.5) | 59.0 (57.6–60.5) | 44.7 (40.9–48.6) | 56.5 (55.1–57.8) | |
| History of quitting | % (95% CI) | |||||
| Ever tried to quit | 70.3 (66.2–74.1) | 59.8 (52.9–66.4) | 64.0 (62.4–65.6) | 54.1 (49.9–58.2) | 63.1 (61.7–64.5) | <0.001 |
| QA in the past 12 months* | 42.1 (37.8–46.5) | 23.8 (17.8–31.2) | 27.7 (26.4–28.9) | 24.3 (21.3–27.6) | 28.2 (27.1–29.3) | <0.001 |
| Cessation aids in last QA* | 29.1 (24.6–34.0) | 23.2 (16.1–32.4) | 20.2 (18.8–21.6) | 19.3 (16.0–23.2) | 20.9 (19.7–22.2) | 0.002 |
| Ever used e-cigarettes | 53.3 (49.0–57.6) | 33.9 (26.6–42.0) | 38.5 (37.0–39.9) | 29.8 (26.4–33.4) | 38.4 (37.1–39.6) | <0.001 |
a
Missing from 1.1%;
b
Missing from 6.7%;
c
Missing among 7.2%;
d
7.9% of don’t know and 0.1% refused to answer were incorporated into ‘not planning to quit’;
e
Missing from 4.1%;
f
Missing from 1.8%;
HSI: Heaviness of Smoking Index; SEF: Self-efficacy; QA: quit attempt;
*
Assessed among smokers who ever made a quit attempt, cessation aids included: behavioural support, use of websites, pharmacotherapy, and e-cigarettes.