Table 2.

Flavour of cigarettes and smoking and cessation profile (Ref. ‘unflavoured tobacco’)

Outcome of interest	Model 1 OR ( 95% CI)	p*	Model 2a AOR ( 95% CI)	p*	Model 3b AOR ( 95% CI)	p*
Cigarette dependence
Smoking daily vs notc
Menthol	0.24 (0.19–0.31)	<0.001	0.37 (0.25–0.54)	<0.001	0.47 (0.32–0.71)	<0.001
Other flavoured	0.53 (0.31–0.91)		0.49 (0.23–1.00)		0.33 (0.15–0.77)
No usual flavour	0.25 (0.20–0.31)		0.41 (0.29–0.60)		0.34 (0.22–0.51)
Cigarette dependence
Smoke within 30 min of wakingd
Menthol	0.46 (0.38–0.56)	<0.001	0.54 (0.44–0.66)	<0.001	0.52 (0.43–0.64)	<0.001
Other flavoured	0.80 (0.63–1.23)		0.86 (0.62–1.21)		0.86 (0.59–1.24)
No usual flavour	0.72 (0.60–0.86)		0.72 (0.59–0.86)		0.66 (0.55–0.80)
HIS score ≥4c
Menthol	0.47 (0.235–0.62)	<0.001	0.60 (0.45–0.89)	0.003	0.63 (0.47–0.83)	0.011
Other flavoured	0.88 (0.60–1.28)		0.85 (0.60–1.22)		0.80 (0.54–1.19)
No usual flavour	1.07 (0.88–1.31)		1.07 (0.87–1.30)		1.03 (0.84–1.26)
Consider themselves very addicted
Menthol	0.51 (0.42–0.62)	<0.001	0.80 (0.64–1.01)	<0.001	0.74 (0.59–0.94)	<0.001
Other flavoured	0.67 (0.47–0.97)		0.63 (0.43–1.02)		0.71 (0.47–1.08)
No usual flavour	0.56 (0.48–0.66)		0.63 (0.52–0.77)		0.65 (0.52–0.78)
Quitting plans and self-efficacy
Plan to quit in the next 6 months vs all other
Menthol	1.82 (1.47–2.25)	<0.001	1.32 (1.05–1.68)	0.032	1.05 (0.82–1.35)	0.978
Other flavoured	0.82 (0.52–1.26)		0.76 (0.50–1.16)		0.99 (0.65–1.50)
No usual flavour	1.03 (0.85–1.25)		0.90 (0.73–1.12)		1.02 (0.82–1.28)
Very or extremely sure they could quit vs all other
Menthol	1.74 (1.44–2.10)	<0.001	1.20 (0.97–1.48)	0.002	1.11 (0.90–1.38)	0.003
Other flavoured	1.06 (0.77–1.45)		0.95 (0.69–1.30)		0.99 (0.72–1.36)
No usual flavour	1.60 (1.36–1.89)		1.40 (1.17–1.68)		1.40 (1.17–1.68)
Expect quitting to be not at all or slightly difficult vs all other
Menthol	1.50 (1.23–1.85)	<0.001	1.03 (0.81–1.31)	<0.001	1.28 (1.00–1.65)	<0.001
Other flavoured	1.65 (1.12–2.43)		1.87 (1.19–2.92)		1.82 (1.20–2.77)
No usual flavour	1.68 (1.40–2.01)		1.48 (1.21–1.82)		1.46 (1.19–1.80)
Prior cessation behaviour
Ever made a QA
Menthol	1.33 (1.09–1.62)	<0.001	1.16 (1.03–1.32)	<0.001	1.13 (0.91–1.40)	0.001
Other flavoured	0.84 (0.63–1.12)		1.21 (1.03–1.42)		0.97 (0.69–1.36)
No usual flavour	0.66 (0.56–0.79)		1.28 (0.78–2.09)		0.69 (0.58–0.84)
QA in the past 12 months
Menthol	1.90 (1.57–2.29)	<0.001	1.45 (1.18–1.78)	<0.001	1.20 (0.98–1.50)	0.045
Other flavoured	0.82 (0.56–1.19)		0.77 (0.54–1.09)		0.92 (0.64–1.32)
No usual flavour	0.84 (0.70–1.01)		0.73 (0.60–0.89)		0.81 (0.66–1.00)
Last QA: used any cessation supportc
Menthol	1.62 (1.27–2.07)	0.001	1.35 (1.03–1.77)	0.043	1.01 (0.75–1.36)	0.669
Other flavoured	1.20 (0.75–1.91)		1.08 (0.69–1.71)		1.35 (0.83–2.17)
No usual flavour	0.95 (0.74–1.22)		0.81 (0.61–1.07)		1.06 (0.79–1.42)
Ever used e-cigarettes
Menthol	1.83 (1.52–2.20)	<0.001	1.56 (1.28–1.92)	<0.001	1.26 (1.00–1.57)	<0.001
Other flavoured	0.82 (0.58–1.17)		0.85 (0.58–1.24)		1.12 (0.73–1.74)
No usual flavour	0.68 (0.57–0.81)		0.57 (0.47–0.70)		0.66 (0.54–0.82)

AOR: adjusted odds ratio; HSI: Heaviness of Smoking Index; QA: quit attempt;

^aModel 2: adjusted for sex, age, education, and HSI;

^bModel 3: adjusted for sex, age, education, HSI, and country;

^cModel was not adjusted for HSI;

^dOR and AOR for a model with the variable dichotomised into ‘smokes within 5 min/all other’ were comparable, but not significant.

^*p-values are for the overall model effect of the variable cigarette flavour in each model.