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. 2021 Oct 8;6(19):e151777. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.151777

Figure 8. Ability of FDA-approved drugs for COVID-19 to reduce mucin overexpression in SARS-CoV-2–infected pulmonary epithelial cells.

Figure 8

(A) Heatmap visualization of the relative mRNA expression data of MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC13, MUC16, MUC20, and MUC21 in pulmonary (Calu3) epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 at 0.1 MOI for 2 hours and thereafter treated with a COVID-19 drug at different concentrations for 48 hours (n = 6). These include remdesivir (3.7 μM); favipiravir (1 mM); (hydroxy)chloroquine (10 μM); dexamethasone (1, 5, and 10 μM); tocilizumab (10, 100, and 1000 ng/mL); anakinra (50 and 500 ng/mL, 10 μg/mL), and baricitinib (0.3, 1, 5 μM). Significant differences between treated and untreated cells upon SARS-CoV-2 infection are indicated by #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01; ###P < 0·001; ####P < 0.0001. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc multiple-comparison test. (B) Percentage of inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 growth in Calu3 cells upon treatment with a COVID-19 drug (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Significant differences between treated and untreated cells upon SARS-CoV-2 infection are indicated by #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01; ###P < 0·001; ####P < 0.0001. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc multiple-comparison test.