Table 1.
Demographic and Injury Characteristics of Motorcycle Riders Involving a Motorcycle accident at 1 Months and3 Months Post injury, Iran, in 2018
| Variables | After 1 month follow- up (n=190) | After 3 months follow- up (n=171) | p -value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual information | |||||||
| Quality of life score; Mean (SD) | 2.15 (0.6) | 1.78 (0.5) | <0.001 b | ||||
| Age (years); Median(P25-P75) | 26 (20-35.5) | 26 (20-35) | 0.54c | ||||
| Education level n (%) |
Illiterate or up to 6 classes | 75 (39.9) | 65 (38.5) | 0.91 a | |||
| Higher than 6 classes | 113 (60.1) | 104 (61.5) | |||||
| Sex n (%) |
Male | 185 (97.3) | 164 (97.1) | 0.87 a | |||
| Female | 5 (2.6) | 5 (2.9) | |||||
| Marital status n (%) |
Single | 103 (53.7) | 92 (54.4) | 0.76 a | |||
| Married | 88 (46.3) | 77 (45.6) | |||||
| Job of injured persons n (%) |
Employee | 5 (2.6) | 3 (1.8) | 0.99 a | |||
| Farmer & rancher& Worker | 70 (36.8) | 61 (36.1) | |||||
| Artesian | 19 (10) | 19 (11.2) | |||||
| Others | 81 (42.6) | 73 (43.2) | |||||
| Without job | 18 (7.9) | 13 (7.8) | |||||
| Role of injured persons n (%) |
Rider | 160 (85.1) | 147 (86.9) | 0.69 a | |||
| Passenger | 28 (14.9) | 22 (13.02) | |||||
| Having riding license if the injured person was rider n (%) |
Yes | 26(16.2) | 25 (17) | 0.98 a | |||
| No | 126 (78.7) | 115 (78.2) | |||||
| Unknown | 8 (5) | 7 (4.7) | |||||
| Riding history of rider n (%) |
Lower 1 year | 10 (6.2) | 8 (5.5) | 0.98a | |||
| 1-3 years | 27 (16.7) | 21 (14.4) | |||||
| 3-10 years | 66 (40.9) | 59 (40.4) | |||||
| Over 10 years | 53 (32.9) | 53 (36.9) | |||||
| Unknown | 5 (3.1) | 4 (2.7) | |||||
| Average riding hours per day during the last week in rider n (%) | Lower 1 hour | 31 (19.3) | 26 (17.8) | 0.9a | |||
| 1-4 hours | 69 (42.9) | 67 (45.9) | |||||
| 4-7 hours | 38 (23.6) | 33 (22.6) | |||||
| Over 7 hours | 11 (6.8) | 9 (6.2) | |||||
| Helmet use n (%) |
Yes | 37 (19.8) | 34 (20.2) | 0.98a | |||
| No | 145 (77.5) | 127 (75.6) | |||||
| Rider’s conversation with passenger before accident occur; n (%) | Without passenger | 3 (2.2) | 3 (2.6) | 0.98 a | |||
| Not convers with passenger | 97 (71.8) | 86 (73.5) | |||||
| Routine convers with passenger | 32 (23.7) | 26 (22.2) | |||||
| Controversy with passenger | 3 (2.2) | 2 (1.7) | |||||
| Number of riding days during last week; Median(P25-P75) | 6.5 (4-7) | 7 (4-7) | 0.58c | ||||
| Socio –economic status n (%) |
Quartile 1 (Very low) | 41 (25.7) | - | ||||
| Quartile 2 (low) | 41 (25.7) | - | |||||
| Quartile 3 (Medium) | 37 (23.3) | - | |||||
| Quartile 4 (High) | 40 (25.2) | - | |||||
| Hospital admissions days | Median(P25-P75) | 3 (2-5) | 3 (3-5) | 0.66c | |||
| Time and location of accident | |||||||
| Day of accident n (%) |
Saturday | 23 (12.2) | 18 (10.5) | 0.99 a | |||
| Sunday | 32 (17.02) | 28 (16.4) | |||||
| Monday | 18 (9.6) | 18 (10.5) | |||||
| Tuesday | 29 (15.4) | 28 (16.4) | |||||
| Wednesday | 24 (12.8) | 24 (14.04) | |||||
| Thursday | 29 (15.4) | 26 (15.2) | |||||
| Friday | 33 (17.5) | 29 (16.9) | |||||
| Occurring of accident in holiday; n (%) | Yes | 34 (18.1) | 27 (15.5) | 0.76 a | |||
| No | 154 (81.9) | 144 (84.2) | |||||
| Time of accident occur (hour) | Median (P25 to P75) | 13 (9 to 20) | 17 (13 to 20) | 0.48c | |||
| Lighting intensity during accident; n (%) | Day | 126 (67.02) | 112 (66.3) | 0.97a | |||
| Night | 57 (30.3) | 53 (31.4) | |||||
| Weather condition during accident; n (%) | Sunny | 173 (92.02) | 159 (92.9) | 0.78a | |||
| Cloudy | 8(4.3) | 5 (2.9) | |||||
| Rainy | 7 (3.7) | 7 (4.1) | |||||
| Slippery condition during accident; n (%) | Dry | 174 (92.5) | 159 (92.9) | 0.96 a | |||
| Slippery | 11 (5.8) | 9 (5.3) | |||||
| Occur of accident in residential zone; n (%) | Yes | 119 (63.3) | 104 (60.8) | 0.96 a | |||
| No | 68 (36.2) | 66 (38.6) | |||||
| Intercity accidents; n (%) | Main road | 97 (90.9) | 86 (89.6) | 0.83 a | |||
| Byroad | 10 (9.3) | 10 (10.4) | |||||
| Outer city accidents; n (%) | Main road | 21 (25.9) | 22 (29.3) | 0.97 a | |||
| Byroad | 59 (72.8) | 52 (69.3) | |||||
| Vehicle information | |||||||
| Number of vehicle involved in accidents; n (%) | Single vehicle | 44 (23.4) | 43 (25.2) | 0.88 a | |||
| Multivehicle | 141 (75) | 126 (73.7) | |||||
| Type of vehicle engage; n (%) |
Don’t have vehicle | 44 (23.4) | 42 (24.6) | 0.96 a | |||
| Others (Bicycle, Motorcycle, bus, heavy car) | 32 (17.02) | 26 (15.2) | |||||
| Car | 112 (59.6) | 103 (60.2) | |||||
| Mechanism of accidents; n (%) |
Vehicle-Fixed object | 11 (5.8) | 10 (5.8) | 0.99 a | |||
| Vehicle-vehicle | 139 (73.9) | 124 (72.5) | |||||
| Overturning | 23 (12.2) | 23 (13.4) | |||||
| Others(vehicle-pedestrian, vehicle-animal, falling, Exit from the road) | 11 (5.8) | 11(6.4) | |||||
| Type of injuries | |||||||
| Head injury; n (%) | Yes | 52 (27.7) | 41 (23.9) | 0.57 a | |||
| No | 136 (72.3) | 130 (76.02) | |||||
| Thorax injury; n (%) | Yes | 12 (6.4) | 11 (6.4) | 0.98 a | |||
| No | 176 (93.6) | 160 (93.6) | |||||
| Neck injury; n (%) | Yes | 4 (2.1) | 4 (2.3) | 0.82 a | |||
| No | 184 (97.9) | 167 (97.6) | |||||
| Shoulder and upper arm injuries; n (%) | Yes | 18 (9.6) | 18 (11.1) | 0.4 a | |||
| No | 170 (90.4) | 153 (88.9) | |||||
| Elbow and forearm injuries; n (%) | Yes | 19 (10.1) | 19 (11.1) | 0.75 a | |||
| No | 169 (89.9) | 152 (88.9) | |||||
| Wrist and hand injuries; n (%) | Yes | 11 (5.8) | 11 (6.4) | 0.38 a | |||
| No | 177 (94.1) | 157 (93.6) | |||||
| Hip and thigh injuries; n (%) | Yes | 27 (14.4) | 26 (15.2) | 0.82 a | |||
| No | 161 (85.6) | 145 (84.8) | |||||
| Knee and lower leg injuries; n (%) | Yes | 69 (36.7) | 59 (34.5) | 0.66 a | |||
| No | 119 (63.3) | 112 (65.5) | |||||
| Ankle and foot injuries; n (%) | Yes | 15 (7.9) | 12 (7.02) | 0.73 a | |||
| No | 173 (92.02) | 159 (92.9) | |||||
| Abdomen & lower back & lumbar & spine & pelvis injuries; n (%) |
Yes | 20 (10.6) | 18 (10.5) | 0.97 a | |||
| No | 168 (89.4) | 153 (89.5) | |||||
a p-value based on chi-square test; b P-value based on t independent test; c p-value based on Mann–Whitney test