Table 2.

Measures of Physical Frailty

Frailty measure	Description	Advantages	Disadvantages
Fried Frailty Phenotype Model	• Quantifies the decline in physiological reserve across 5 domains: weight loss, weakness, poor endurance, slowness, and low physical activity levels	• Most commonly used tool to assess frailty in the literature	• Poor discriminatory power • Overlap in clinical features of HF and frailty • Time and resourceintensive
Frailty Index	• Based on a “multiple hit” model • Quantifies frailty as an accumulation of deficits across several healthrelated domains • Estimated as the ratio of the total deficits present to the number of deficits assessed across signs, symptoms, comorbidity index, laboratory values, and ADLs	• Continuous nature of the estimate with a wide range of distribution • Ability to use preexisting data from medical records for estimating frailty • Ability to estimate cut-offs for specific clinical populations	• The number of deficits assessed is not standardized and vary according to available data • Focuses more of the number of deficits and does not account for the severity of deficits