Table 1.

Subject cohort demographics

Characteristic	Extremely premature infants without or with mild brain injury	Extremely premature infants with severe brain injury	p value (t test and Fisher’s exact test)
Individuals, number	38	15
GA at birth, weeks	25.5 ± 1.2	24.8 ± 1.3	0.100
Birth weight, grams	774 ± 137	718 ± 156	0.213
Birth head circumference, cm	23.2 ± 1.4	22.7 ± 1.6	0.234
Birth length, cm	32.9 ± 2.3	32.4 ± 2.0	0.520
Female gender, %	63%	53%	0.546
Spontaneous birth, %	11%	53%	0.001
IUGR, %	8%	13%	0.614
pPROM, %	63%	33%	0.068
Received lung maturation, %	97%	93%	0.489
Apgar score at 5 min	8.4 ± 0.9	8.4 ± 1	0.874
Apgar score at 10 min	8.7 ± 0.8	8.9 ± 0.2	0.468
CSI, %	32%	47%	0.351
Culture-proven EOS, %	5%	0%	1
Clinical LOS, %	16%	33%	0.257
Culture-proven LOS, %	29%	20%	0.731
Hospitalization, days	91.82 ± 37.32	91.53 ± 24.29	0.884
NEC, %	8%	0%	1
ROP, %	47%	100%	0.0003
BPD, %	27%	20%	0.733
PDA, %	37%	60%	0.217
Antibiotic intervention, days	15.89 ± 11.5	18.00 ± 13.4	0.598
Age at discharge, weeks	39.2 ± 4.5	38.7 ± 2.0	0.693
Weight at discharge, grams	2,929 ± 956	2,788 ± 325	0.600
Length at discharge, cm	47.0 ± 5.2	46.4 ± 2.6	0.699
Head circumference at discharge, cm	33.0 ± 3.1	32.8 ± 2.0	0.855
Milk formula fortifier administered shortly before discharge	77%	77%	1

IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; pPROM, preterm premature rupture of membranes; CSI, clinical-suspected inflammation; EOS, early-onset sepsis; LOS, late-onset sepsis; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; PDA, persistent ductus arteriosus. Data are presented as mean ± SD or percentage (%).