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The protein concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the three groups: (a) HMGB1; (b) IL-1β; (c) IL-6; (d) IL-8; (e) TNF-α; (f) IL-10. Number of samples: control (n = 10), NEC (n = 10), and NEC+butyrate (n = 10). Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA. ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗∗∗P < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001.
