Table 4.

Age-adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI of being in various anthropometric and body composition categories for people with LBW relative to those with NBW

Variable	Female			Male
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P		Odds ratio (95% CI)	P
BMI-obese*	1.45 (1.06–1.98)	0.019		1.36 (0.96–1.43)	0.091
Waist-obese*	1.47 (1.10–1.96)	0.009		1.24 (0.95–1.35)	0.079
WHR-obese*	1.61 (1.22–2.11)	0.001		1.23 (0.93–1.76)	0.087
High FM	1.36 (0.96–1.92)	0.081		1.28 (0.90–1.52)	0.103
High fat%	1.58 (1.14–2.21	0.006		1.40 (0.95–1.60)	0.097
High FM/FFM	1.64 (1.18–2.28)	0.003		1.38 (0.97–1.37)	0.085
High FM/FFM2	1.56 (1.12–2.18)	0.008		1.39 (0.98–1.75)	0.053
Low height	1.99 (1.43–2.78)	< 0.001		2.79 (1.74–4.49)	< 0.001
Low weight	1.91 (1.35–2.72)	< 0.001		2.17 (1.30–3.62)	0.003
Low hip	1.68 (1.16–2.42)	0.006		2.02 (1.18–3.44)	0.010
Low lean mass	2.39 (1.72–3.32)	< 0.001		2.72 (1.69–4.38)	< 0.001
Low water mass	2.40 (1.73–3.34)	< 0.001		2.72 (1.69–4.38)	< 0.001

The relationships persisted after adjustment for physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake and socioeconomic status (based on education, dwelling type, and income).

*World Health Organization criteria: High FM: high represent > 90th percentile (female > 48.6; male > 34.3 kg); High fat%: high represent > 90th percentile (female > 54.7; male > 34.3 kg); High FM/FFM: high represent > 90th percentile (female > 120.8; male > 52.2); High FM/FFM²: high represent > 90th percentile (female > 3.12; male > 0.80); Low height: low represent < 10th percentile (female ≤ 155 cm; male ≤ 168 cm); Low weight: low represent < 10th percentile (female ≤ 54 kg; male ≤ 69.6 kg); Low hip: low represent < 10th percentile (female ≤ 92.8 cm; male ≤ 95.9 cm); Low lean mass: low represent < 10th percentile (female ≤ 35.3 kg; male ≤ 56.0 kg); Low water mass: low represent < 10th percentile (female ≤ 25.8 kg; male ≤ 41.0 kg). CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight (< 2.5 kg); NBW, normal birth weight (≥ 2.5 kg); BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; FM, fat mass; FFM, fat free mass.