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. 2021 Oct 14;14:5251–5271. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S330147

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© 2021 Chen et al.

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The subcellular localization of APE1/Ref-1 and ABCA1 is responsible for both cholesterol efflux and APE1/Ref-1 secretion. Computational analysis of the subcellular localization of human APE1/Ref-1 using GeneCards (https://www.genecards.org/). APE1/Ref-1 was detected in not only the nucleus but also other compartments, including the cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, etc. The extracellular secretion of APE1/Ref-1 depends on its acetylation. ABCA1 is responsible for both cholesterol efflux and acetylated APE1/Ref-1 secretion.