Figure 5.

Ethanol-treated embryos develop smaller AVJ cushions than the untreated and saline-treated embryos at HH stage 20. A: 3-D rendering of AVJ cushions of three representative embryonic hearts from untreated, saline-treated, and ethanol-treated groups, respectively. B: quantification of endocardial cushion volume among the three treatment groups: untreated (n = 10), saline-treated (n = 9), and ethanol-treated (n = 14). n, number of embryos. The ethanol group developed smaller cushions in volume compared with controls (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). The comparison between the three groups was performed with one-way ANOVA and the Tukey–Kramer post hoc test. At, atrium; AVJ, atrioventricular junction; HH, Hamburger–Hamilton; Vt, ventricle.