Table 1.
Characteristics of patients admitted to the ICU or IDU for SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of enrollment.
| Total ICU (n = 124) | ICU (n = 25) Wave 1 | ICU (n = 99) Wave 2 | P value Wave 1 vs Wave 2 | IDU (n = 10) | P value Total ICU vs IDU | Healthy controls (n = 11) | Reference range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics on admission | ||||||||
| Male – no. (%) | 89 (71.2) | 16 (64.0) | 73 (73.7) | 0.333 | 4 (40.0) | 0.030 | 4 (36.4) | - |
| Age – years | 68.0 (65.8 – 70.0) | 66.4 (62.3 – 70.5) | 68.4 (66.0 – 70.7) | 0,092 | 59.0 (49.2 – 68.8) | 0.010 | 34 (32 – 41) | - |
| BMI – kg/m² | 30.5 (29.2 – 31.7) | 30.0 (27.2 – 32.8) | 30.5 (29.2 – 31.9) | 0,407 | 28.4 (25.7 – 31.0) | 0.104 | 20.6 (19.6 – 22.9) | - |
| Hypertension – no. (%) | 70 (56.5) | 13 (52.0) | 57 (57.6) | 0.615 | 4 (40.0) | 0.314 | 0 (0) | - |
| Diabetes – no. (%) | 45 (36.3) | 8 (32.0) | 37 (37.3) | 0.618 | 4 (40.0) | 0.815 | 0 (0) | - |
| Cancer – no. (%) | 21 (16.9) | 5 (20.0) | 16 (16.1) | 0.648 | 1 (10.0) | 0.562 | 0 (0) | - |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||||
| Lymphocytes – /mm3 | 921 (750 – 1091) | 807 (689 – 956) | 931 (734 – 1128) | 0,363 | 1393 (1014 – 1771) | <0.001 | - | 1500 – 4000 |
| Monocytes – /mm3 | 506 (285 – 640) | 540 (220 – 900) | 516 (436 – 595) | 0.406 | 351 (273 – 430) | 0.103 | - | 200 – 800 |
| CRP – mg/L | 115.1 (100.3 – 129.8) | 146.8 (111.8 – 181.8) | 110.2 (93.8 – 126.7) | 0,276 | 67.8 (47 – 109) | 0.070 | - | < 5 |
| C3 – g/L | 1.3 (1.3 – 1.4) | 1.3 (1.2 – 1.4) | 1.3 (1.3 – 1.4) | 0,429 | - | - | - | 0.81 – 1.57 |
| C4 – g/L | 0.4 (0.3 – 0.4) | 0.3 (0.2 – 0.3) | 0.4 (0.4 – 0.5) | <0.001 | - | - | - | 0.13 – 0.39 |
| CH50 – UI/mL | 74.6 (71.6 – 77.5) | 75.2 (66.7 – 83.8) | 74.0 (71.8 – 76.2) | 0,202 | - | - | - | 41.7 – 95.1 |
| Serum ferritin – µg/mL | 1520.7 (1227.3 – 1814.2) | 3279.2 (1860.7 – 4697.8) | 1338.8 (1101.1 – 1576.6) | 0,023 | 590.7 (29.7 – 1151.6) | 0.070 | - | 8 – 252 |
| D-Dimers - ng/mL | 2024.6 (1609.7 – 2439.4) | 2787.3 (1899.9 – 3674.8) | 1828.0 (1365.6 – 2290.4) | 0,001 | 1388.8 (318.1 – 2459.4) | 0,081 | - | < 500 |
| IL-6 – pg/mL | 243.7 (3.3 – 484.0) | 837.3 (265.6 – 1940.1) | 93.8 (9.8 – 197.3) | <0.001 | 12.5 (9.7 – 15.3) | <0.001 | 1.6 (0.5 – 3.7) | <2.4 |
| CXCL8 – pg/mL | 46.8 (29.8 – 63.8) | 81.2 (27.6 – 134.7) | 38.1 (22.0 – 54.3) | <0.001 | 23.2 (15.4 – 31.0) | <0.001 | 3.7 (2.7 – 4.7) | <7.8 |
| IFN-α – pg/mL | 8.4 (2.9 – 13.8) | 17.7 (6.2 – 29.3) | 7.4 (1.3 – 13.5) | 0.020 | 8.8 (1.4 – 16.2) | 0.217 | 1.2 (0.1 – 2.2) | <4.4 |
| IL-10 – pg/mL | 6.1 (3.9 – 8.3) | 11.3 (1.6 – 21.0) | 4.8 (3.7 – 6.0) | 0.012 | 2.5 (1.5 – 3.6) | 0.004 | 0.8 (0.2 – 1.4) | <1.4 |
| IL1Ra – pg/mL | 552.0 (386.9 – 717.3) | 1284.1 (615.2 – 1953.1) | 492.3 (332.7 – 652.0) | 0.008 | 86.6 (66.1 – 107.1) | 0.011 | - | - |
| mHLA-DR – pg/mL | 11600 (10436 – 12764) | 5926 (5028 – 6824) | 11772 (10468 – 13076) | 0.033 | 21566 (18004 – 25128) | 0.010 | 44544 (26884 – 62203) | >15000 |
| During hospital stay | ||||||||
| Time from symptoms to unit admission day | 9.0 (4.7 – 13.4) | 10.6 (6.1 – 15.0) | 8.6 (4.3 – 13.0) | 0,428 | 7.9 (5.6 – 10.2) | <0.001 | - | - |
| SAPSII score | 36.6 (34.5 – 38.6) | 41.4 (36.2 – 46.5) | 35.3 (33.2 – 37.5) | 0,026 | - | - | - | - |
| Nosocomial infection – no. (%) | 38 (30.6) | 12 (48.0) | 26 (26.3) | 0.035 | 0 (0) | 0.039 | - | - |
| Including septic shock – no. (%) | 20 (16.1) | 5 (20.0) | 15 (15.2) | 0.556 | - | - | - | - |
| Length of stay – days | 9.6 (7.8 – 11.4) | 13.2 (6.3 – 20.1) | 8.6 (7.2 – 10.1) | 0.007 | 5.7 (2.1 – 9.3) | 0.030 | - | - |
| Death in hospital – no. (%) | 35 (28.2) | 10 (40.0) | 25 (25.3) | 0.090 | 0 (0.0) | 0.060 | - | - |
| Discharge from hospital – no. (%) | 91 (73.4) | 15 (60.0) | 76(76.8) | 0.090 | 10 (100.0) | 0.060 | - | - |
Data are expressed as mean [IC95] or percentages (%). ICU: Intensive care unit; IDU: Infectious disease unit; BMI: Body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; C3, C4, CH50: Complement fractions; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; SAPS II: Simplified Acute Physiology Score II.