Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Sep 28;42(11):883–896. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.09.001

Key Figure 1. Summary of oncolytic focal therapies and their potential mechanisms of interaction with extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Key Figure 1.

EVs play a diverse role in the evolution of cancer, including facilitation of tumor progression and metastasis, transfer of oncogenic payloads, and stimulation of other pathophysiological processes such as angiogenesis. Oncolytic focal therapies can intervene on the tumor microenvironment (TME), and thereby EVs, in a variety of ways. Ionizing radiation, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) can differentially influence EV amplitude and cargo, immunological responses, and therapeutic delivery within the TME.