Table 3.
Comparison of pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 4 months follow-up outcome measures.
|
Pre-treatment (n = 36) |
Post-treatment (n = 32) |
Follow-up (n = 31) |
Pre-post | Pre-F/U | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t | df. | p | t | df. | p | ||
| ADOS 2 (module 4) | Communication | 3.6 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 0.95 | 30 | 0.351 | 0.63 | 29 | 0.536 |
| Social interaction | 8.8 | 2.3 | 8.1 | 2.3 | 7.5 | 2.1 | 1.22 | 30 | 0.231 | 2.51 | 29 | 0.018* | |
| Stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests | 1.1 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.00 | 29 | 0.326 | 0.00 | 21 | 1.000 | |
| Imagination | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.68 | 30 | 0.103 | 0.00 | 29 | 1.000 | |
| ADOS 2 (calibrated severity scores) | Social affect | 12.2 | 3.5 | 11.5 | 2.8 | 11.2 | 3.2 | 0.27 | 31 | 0.790 | 0.90 | 29 | 0.376 |
| RRB | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 1.66 | 33 | 0.107 | −1.02 | 31 | 0.316 | |
| Total | 14.2 | 4.0 | 13.4 | 3.4 | 13.2 | 4.0 | 0.80 | 31 | 0.431 | 1.04 | 29 | 0.307 | |
| Comparison score | 7.5 | 1.8 | 7.3 | 1.8 | 7.1 | 2.1 | 0.78 | 30 | 0.444 | 1.09 | 29 | 0.283 | |
| Social skills measures | TYASSK | 17.5 | 4.3 | 21.7 | 3.4 | 21.4 | 4.1 | −4.71 | 31 | <0.001** | −3.67 | 17 | 0.002** |
| SCQ, current | 12.0 | 4.7 | 11.1 | 6.0 | 13.2 | 8.1 | 1.10 | 27 | 0.279 | −0.88 | 23 | 0.390 | |
| SSRS by young adults | 108.4 | 26.3 | 115.7 | 32.5 | 109.3 | 33.3 | −2.06 | 31 | 0.048** | 0.85 | 17 | 0.410 | |
| SRS-2 by young adults | 147.9 | 24.3 | 146.5 | 22.9 | 147.8 | 30.8 | 1.06 | 30 | 0.298 | −0.73 | 17 | 0.477 | |
| SSRS by parents | 90.0 | 22.6 | 91.8 | 27.8 | 99.1 | 20.7 | −0.59 | 31 | 0.559 | −1.78 | 24 | 0.089 | |
| SRS-2 by parents | 150.3 | 19.7 | 148.6 | 26.0 | 136.6 | 24.5 | 0.85 | 31 | 0.400 | 5.49 | 24 | <0.001** | |
| QSQ by young adults | Hosted get together | 1.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | −0.84 | 27 | 0.408 | −1.31 | 17 | 0.208 |
| Hosted date | 0.5 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.89 | 24 | 0.380 | 0.89 | 15 | 0.386 | |
| Invited get together | 0.9 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.7 | −0.90 | 22 | 0.377 | −1.30 | 13 | 0.216 | |
| Invited date | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.96 | 21 | 0.348 | −0.56 | 12 | 0.585 | |
| QSQ by parents | Hosted get together | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 1.6 | −1.74 | 29 | 0.093 | 0.61 | 20 | 0.549 |
| Hosted date | 0.7 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.38 | 28 | 0.710 | 1.06 | 17 | 0.305 | |
| Invited get together | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1.2 | −1.76 | 23 | 0.092 | 0.46 | 15 | 0.652 | |
| Invited date | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | −0.15 | 22 | 0.883 | 1.29 | 15 | 0.216 | |
| K-VABS | Communication | 70.5 | 16.4 | 75.0 | 13.4 | 80.8 | 18.3 | −2.15 | 24 | 0.042* | −2.85 | 23 | 0.009** |
| Daily living skills | 74.4 | 20.9 | 78.3 | 16.5 | 83.3 | 17.2 | −0.34 | 27 | 0.734 | −2.07 | 24 | 0.049* | |
| Socialization | 65.9 | 12.7 | 71.9 | 18.3 | 74.8 | 21.3 | −1.70 | 25 | 0.101 | −1.49 | 23 | 0.149 | |
| Depressive and anxiety measures | STAI-S | 54.0 | 11.1 | 53.7 | 10.6 | 52.2 | 8.3 | −0.30 | 30 | 0.766 | 0.46 | 23 | 0.652 |
| STAI-T | 55.5 | 10.4 | 53.3 | 10.1 | 49.0 | 12.6 | 1.05 | 30 | 0.303 | 2.00 | 23 | 0.057 | |
| BAI | 31.6 | 11.5 | 29.4 | 8.6 | 31.2 | 11.7 | 1.50 | 30 | 0.143 | 3.14 | 17 | 0.006** | |
| BDI | 14.5 | 11.4 | 12.8 | 10.2 | 14.5 | 9.7 | 1.80 | 27 | 0.084 | 2.27 | 13 | 0.041* | |
*
p <0.05,
**
p <0.01.
ADOS, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; FSIQ, Full Scale Intelligence Quotient; K-VABS, Korean version of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale; RRB, Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors; SCQ, Social Communication Questionnaire; SRS-2, Social Responsiveness Scale-2; SSRS, Social Skills Rating System; STAI-S and STAI-T, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory; TYASSK, Test of Young Adult Social Skills Knowledge; QSQ, Quality of Socialization Questionnaire; VCI, Verbal Comprehension Index.