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. 2021 Oct 19;11:20678. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00167-z

Table 1.

Basic information on the targeted zoonotic infectious diseases1618.

Infection agent Disease Transmission pathways
Bacteria Borreliosis By vector Ixodidae ticks
Tularemia Multiple transmission modes: vector-borne (mosquitoes, horseflies, ticks); direct contact; oral; airborne; water-borne
Leptospirosis Main hosts are rodent species in natural foci, and livestock and dogs in anthropurgic foci. Leptospira follow the fecal–oral transmission mechanism via water. Humans are usually infected during contact with water contaminated with animal waste
Q fever The main reservoirs are farm animals and pets, and transmission to human is mainly through inhalation of contaminated aerosols
Virus Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) By vector Ixodidae ticks
Puumala virus infection By inhalation of infected rodent excreta
Parasite Cryptosporidiosis By ingestion of cryptosporidium oocysts