Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Oct 19;11:541. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01664-5

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — Principal component analysis of the cerebral organoid proteome indicated data grouping based on phenotype, and protein expression distributions indicated data correlation across all samples. This statistical baseline allowed us to consider the differentially expressed proteins present in Scz patient-derived cerebral organoids, which are shown here as a volcano plot split by log2 fold change and –log10 adjusted p values. In sum, ~2.62% of 3705 proteins (peptide >1; intensity >0) identified exhibited differential expression. Significantly up-regulated proteins that surpassed log2 fold change thresholding are depicted to the right in red (p value <0.05, Log2FC > 0.05), whereas down-regulated proteins (p value < 0.05, Log2FC < -0.05) are presented to the left of the plot in blue. Notable Scz GWAS factors (see 108 loci identified in [33]) included the up-regulation of PODXL and down-regulation of PTN, which replicated our previous findings in a smaller cohort [1]. Note also the down-regulation of the neural stem cell proliferation factor CRABP1 [93] as well as canonical neuronal development markers (e.g. NCAM1 [94], NCALD [95], and CPE [78]), neuronal markers (e.g. MAP2, TUBB3, MAP1B), synaptic markers (e.g., SV2A). Conversely, a range of apolipoproteins (APOE, APOA1, APOB, APOC3) were found to be up-regulated in Scz patient-derived cerebral organoids.