Table 5.

Proximate chemical composition and nutrient profile of dietary by-products.

Specification	Rapeseed meal	Grapeseed meal	Flaxseed meal	Sea Buckthorn meal
Proximate analysis of nutrients (% DM)
Dry matter	89.25	89.91	90.86	89.36
Crude protein	33.56	13.10	31.38	11.44
Ether extract	15.07	6.44	13.14	8.92
Crude fibre	10.10	35.16	11.26	23.26
Fatty acid content (% of total fat)
Palmitic (C16:0)	11.92	9.68	7.70	21.56
Stearic (C18:0)	2.73	3.56	3.07	1.80
Oleic (18:1)	41.06	21.04	18.54	30.70
Linolenic (C18:3n3)	4.42	1.33	42.93	4.84
Total SFA	16.83	13.48	11.07	23.69
Total MUFA	42.90	21.34	18.71	45.39
Total PUFA	40.26	64.71	70.23	30.44
n-6 PUFA	35.85	63.23	27.30	25.40
n-3 PUFA	4.42	1.47	42.93	5.04
n-6/n-3 ratio	8.12	42.91	0.64	5.04
Antioxidant compounds
Polyphenols (mg GAE/g)	7.95	90.42	15.33	90.72
Antioxidant capacity (mM Trolox/g)	24.57	496.0	19.87	118.50
Flavonoids (μg rutin/g) sample (μg RE/g)	4.51	100.08	1.35	120.01

PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids, DM dry matter.