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. 2021 Oct 19;11:20632. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00073-4

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2021

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Up-regulation of itaconate catabolism genes during acute infection. (a) Expression of PA0877 to PA0886 (log2FC vs. culture). The horizontal dotted-black line indicates the expression of PAO1 genes in culture. The thick solid black line shows the expression of the rabbit host ACOD1 (aka IRG1) gene²¹ (BioProject Accesion ID: PRJNA324375) that encodes aconitate decarboxylase 1 that catalyzes cis-aconitate to itaconate. (b) Schematic of the predicted operon (PA0878–PA0883) containing the three itaconate catabolism genes (ich, ict, and ccl) and three other genes (grey). The downstream, predicted three-gene operon shown by red arrows encodes a probable TRAP-T that may transport itaconate into PAO1. The vertical dotted red line separates the two predicted operons. (c) Catabolism of itaconate to pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. Panels (b) and (c) were adapted from Hanko et al.⁵⁷.