Table 1.
A summary of 88 MQTLs for NUE/RSA, (verified using GWAS) with details of flanking markers, QTLs and the traits involved
| MQTLs (Phy. interval, in Mb) | Flanking markers (CI in cM) | No. of QTLs involved (avg. LOD) | Traitsb (avg. PVE) |
|---|---|---|---|
| MQTL1A.1 (574.67–575.01) | AX-110966426/AX-108822131 (13.65–14.31) | 6 (3.36) | FSS, SPS, DTM, GY, NUpE, GPC (5.77) |
| MQTL1A.2 (577.47–577.61) | AX-110518076/AX-110430653 (18.85–19.50) | 5 (4.78) | RDM, GN, LA, root N/shoot N content, DTH (8.16) |
| MQTL1A.3 (13.67–13.76) | AX-109408162/AX-108790365 (24.61–24.74) | 5 (4.86) | LFW, N/grain, SL, GW, RL (6.24) |
| MQTL1A.4 (527.18–591.64) | AX-111580764/AX-95629819 (35.45–36.41) | 6 (4.34) | SPS, GY, SPS, GNC, PH (6.58) |
| MQTL1A.5 (32.92–590.25) | BS00011855_51/AX-109867753 (42.41–43.08) | 10 (6.88) | Peduncle %N, RNC, BSSPS, GN, NUpE, NUE, PH, GW, N/grain (9.12) |
| MQTL1A.6a (37.5–185.52) | BS00029346_51/Xwmc826 (54.27–55.92) | 13 (5.10) | TFW, RFW/SFW, RDM, RL, LEC, SFW, GW, RFW, TDM, SDW (13) |
| MQTL1B.1 (430.57–565.67) | AX-109514853/AX-108815832 (10.16–11.14) | 6 (5.53) | NUE, NUtE, GY, PH, DTM, PH (12) |
| MQTL1B.2a (454.17–622.85) | AX-111122733/AX-94407244 (28.54–29.51) | 18 (5.24) | RNC, NUtE, RL, SDW, SNC, TDM, PH, NUtE, RDM/SDW, RN, RDM (14) |
| MQTL1B.3 (17.32–551.28) | D_1100879/AX-110474859 (45.81–46.20) | 20 (5.19) | Peduncle N, TDM, NUtE, FSS, RL, NUpE, RDM, SDW, SSS, RNC, LFW, GPC, SPP, GW (10) |
| MQTL1B.4 (17.39–645) | D_1161821/AX-108743608 (49.22–50.32) | 6 (5.27) | FSS, RL, TN, DTH, SSS (8.55) |
| MQTL1B.5 (643.1–643.56) | AX-89682837/AX-108936977 (51.99–52.56) | 6 (4.37) | SPP, RNC, RDM, FSS, SL, RD (7.41) |
| MQTL1B.6 (466.36–646.19) | AX-86176468/AX-89434674 (54.22–55.03) | 3 (3.49) | FSS, SPS, DTH (3.32) |
| MQTL1B.7a (17.62–683.81) | D_1166057/D_1130437 (59.99–60.35) | 14 (5.88) | RL, GPC, Peduncle N, SL, GW, RN (11.18) |
| MQTL1B.8 (666.06–667.42) | AX-111548801/AX-111507640 (73.95–74.04) | 8 (4.22) | RFW, RFW/SFW, GY, GW, RDM/SDW (10) |
| MQTL1D.2 (7.04–9.34) | AX-95082337/AX-109484943 (43.43–51.54) | 9 (5.07) | RV, NUE, TNC, ADM, RDM/SDW, SNC, RL, FSS (13) |
| MQTL1D.3 (10.66–423.3) | Xwmc336/AX-110711194 (59.72–67.87) | 4 (6.22) | ADM, DTH, GW (13) |
| MQTL2A.2a (25.6–43.3) | D_1061332/AX-110492940 (42.58–43.25) | 11 (17.17) | SP, GPC, LFW, SP, GW, SC (16.62) |
| MQTL2A.3 (25.94–29.89) | AX-110435756/AX-109362948 (46.57–47.92) | 2 (4.42) | RD, GN (10.81) |
| MQTL2A.4 (30.25–30.56) | AX-109298548/AX-111761345 (52.45–52.49) | 8 (5.05) | RDW/SDW, RDM, SL, NUpE, SPP, GW, GN, SL (11.06) |
| MQTL2A.5 (4.97–5.48) | AX-111719280/Xgwm636 (80.33–80.61) | 7 (3.86) | RN, SP, RL, NUtE, leaf GS activity, SL (7.47) |
| MQTL2B.2 (6.07–6.52) | D_1265806/D_3534443 (14.58–15.89) | 8 (3.13) | SDW, ADM, PH, TDM, SFW, NUE, RFW, RDM (8.75) |
| MQTL2B.3 (4.48–13.75) | S_1675663/S_1105975 (33.27–34.43) | 3 (3.56) | GW, Lodging (7.14) |
| MQTL2B.4 (17.44–37.38) | D_4989699/AX-109364692 (43.54–44.79) | 17 (4) | RDM/SDW, NUtE, RNC, TDM, GW, SNC, SPP, leaf GS activity, SL, LEC, Peduncle %N, SP (10.9) |
| MQTL2B.5 (17.17–41.47) | Xwmc597/tPt-4627 (47.81–49.87) | 5 (3.85) | RN, SPS, SC, GY, TNC (7.15) |
| MQTL2B.6 (22.61–24.11) | D_2278188/D_1004475 (59.88–60.53) | 8 (4.77) | SDW, SFW, DTH, RN, FSS, SC, TDM, StNC (8.88) |
| MQTL2B.7 (24.9–31.38) | D_1241419/D_1137511 (78.14–78.93) | 7 (4.8) | Peduncle N, RL, RN, GW, N/grain, SL (7) |
| MQTL2D.1 (475.46–527.38) | D_1159406/D_995055 (52.46–53.42) | 7 (9.82) | SRA, PH, ADM, NUE, DTH (18.12) |
| MQTL2D.5 (201.38–374.63) | D_1159229/D_3936747 (91.83–92.52) | 8 (5) | StNC, GY, GPC, GW, SSS, SC, DTH, RL, FSS (10.77) |
| MQTL2D.6 (121.39–203.82) | D_1282387/D_2244257 (98.47–101.75) | 13 (3.57) | FSS, SSS, NUpE, RDM, SC, SL, PH, SPS, RV, SL (13.23) |
| MQTL3A.1 (17.37–17.37) | Xwmc11/D_1288694 (23.4–24.98) | 10 (5.27) | RD, LFW, RV, SPS, SSS, DTH, GW, RL (6.23) |
| MQTL3A.2 (25.94–29.05) | AX-111265814/D_2263154 (47.48–49.43) | 7 (5.27) | RL, NUE, FSS, SPS, LFW, RN (9.23) |
| MQTL3A.3 (731.07–731.08) | AX-109399066/AX-99469873 (70.28–71.91) | 16 (4.54) | leaf GS activity, RDM, SL, RL, SSS, SPS, FSS, RD, GW, FSS, HI, SC, TN (8.87) |
| MQTL3A.4 (690.78–721.22) | wPt-9422/Xwmc169 (118.48–120.56) | 9 (3.73) | SFW, TNC, SNC, RNC, GW, RL (11.48) |
| MQTL3A.5 (483.74–595.95) | AX-110000809/S_1005033 (197.56–198.26) | 3 (13.5) | RDM, RFW/SFW, RDM/SDW (25.53) |
| MQTL3B.1 (22.91–46.26) | S-1160118/D_1104851 (22.11–22.68) | 4 (3.65) | RN, Lodging, NUtE (9.38) |
| MQTL3B.2 (747.8–786.97) | Excalibur_c5309_286/D_3025080 (31.64–32.24) | 2 (3.74) | NUE (8.11) |
| MQTL3B.3 (434.05–751.21) | D-1403622/D-2290447 (39.45–40.96) | 10 (4.29) | PH, LEC, SPS, GN/ear, RFW, FSS, DTH, RDM, NUtE (5.45) |
| MQTL3B.4 (700.78–726.62) | D-3385391/D-1085695 (53.94–54.6) | 8 (4) | RDM/SDW, RFW/SFW, PH, DTH, ADM, GY, RL (10.14) |
| MQTL3B.5 (670.19–681.52) | D_3021719/D_1106812 (61.39–62.2) | 5 (5) | GN, SDW, RDM, NUE, Grain N/ear (7.42) |
| MQTL3B.6 (43.68–479.89) | D-1289877/Xwmc78 (73.21–74.09) | 5 (3.76) | TDM, RFW/SFW, total N, GPC, FSS, RD (8.49) |
| MQTL3B.7 (252.34–321.78) | D-1133674/D-1107825 (77.53–78.48) | 4 (5) | SRA, RN, DTH, NUpE (7.38) |
| MQTL3B.8 (725.18–730.74) | AX-109275917/AX-110380092 (104.85–105.18) | 6 (4.38) | RDM/SDW, SRA, SDW, RDM, RFW/SFW (9.88) |
| MQTL3D.2 (427.95–497.95) | wPt-666738/AX-109884133 (30.43–31.83) | 2 (4.68) | DTM, RD (11.81) |
| MQTL3D.3 (295.55–516.87) | AX-110687174/MK9974 (40.72–40.91) | 6 (5.59) | GY, Peduncle N, SPP, RV, RN, RS (9.95) |
| MQTL3D.5 (560.64–603.71) | Xcfd64/AX-108969398 (69.11–70.41) | 8 (3.56) | GN, NGA, GY, GPC (6.55) |
| MQTL4A.1 (691.14–694.9) | Xwmc262/Xbarc343 (18.68–19.61) | 12 (4.49) | SNC, TNC, NUE, HI, DTH, RNC, NUtE (16.78) |
| MQTL4A.2a (651.78–695.53) | D_1054130/S_1242937 (33.64–33.88) | 26 (12) | RFW, NUpE, RDM, DTH, RFW/SFW, NUtE, RD, RNC, HI, SPS, TFW, SL, ADM, SPP, SFW, FSS, NUE (23.78) |
| MQTL4A.3 (616.89–647.84) | AX-111670204/D_1051322 (45.94–46.59) | 22 (6.53) | LEC, NUtE, NUE, SL, N/grain, Peduncle %N, SSS, SRA, GN, RFW/SFW, NUpE, PH, Grain N/ear, RFW, GW, SP, RL, LFW, GS activity/leaf, Grain %N (9.53) |
| MQTL4A.4 (622.17–657.2) | D_1053244/AX-111710911 (56.58–57.49) | 6 (3.85) | HI, RDM, RDM/SDW, GN, TDM, TFW (9.78) |
| MQTL4A.5a (633.36–678.04) | AX-110037196/D-3026871 (66.48–66.51) | 17 (5.16) | RL, RN, NUE, RDM, SNC, RNC, RL, TDM, PH, SDW (10.91) |
| MQTL4A.6 (601.04–691.14) | Xwmc513/RAC875_rep_c108054_95 (69.51–69.96) | 8 (4.41) | RL, DTH, SL, TFW, SFW, NUE (8.9) |
| MQTL4B.1a (576.5–657.27) | D_2265275/S_2318924 (72.51–72.82) | 52 (6.73) | GW, GN, FSS, DTH, SPP, total N, NGA, StNC, PH, GY, GPC, Grain N/ear, ADM, SPS, RV, Peduncle %N, GFD, NUE, SL, TDM, NUE, SDW, RL, RDM, GW, NUpE (10.49) |
| MQTL4B.2a (179.02–530.53) | S_5412102/D_1027953 (81.27–81.42) | 15 (5.69) | NUE, GW, SL, ADM, SNC, RDW/SDW, TDM, SDW, SPP, RN, RL (11.5) |
| MQTL4B.3 (104.94–530.53) | D_1027953/D_1109164 (84.62–85.07) | 5 (9) | NUE, GN, TNC, root N/shoot N content (18.23) |
| MQTL4B.4 (104.94–627.44) | Xbarc60/D_1109164 (87.18–87.18) | 38 (4.69) | NUE, GN, SL, PH, GW, NGA, GPC, ADM, GNC, SWPP, BSSPS, SPP, SPS, root N/shoot N content, SNC, HI, RDW/SDW, TDM, SDW (10) |
| MQTL4D.2 (484.66–494.84) | Xwmc399/AX-109334705 (75.76–76.18) | 3 (4) | NUE, RNC, SPP (8.26) |
| MQTL5A.1 (678.2–680.23) | AX-108732112/AX-109541910 (78.32–79.46) | 29 (6.42) | SC, GW, SP, SSS, GY, SPP, SL, StNC, SFW, leaf GS activity, RDM, LEC, SPS, Peduncle %N, LFW, DTH, grain N/ear, (9.52) |
| MQTL5A.2 (689.19–689.62) | AX-109859146/AX-108910506 (85.99–85.99) | 16 (3.14) | StNU, SC, GY, straw yield, NUE, PH, GNC, NUtE, TNC, SNC, ADM, GW (7.43) |
| MQTL5B.1 (8.93–13.16) | AX-111536293/AX-111170049 (24.89–25.97) | 3 (3.82) | GW, RN (7.18) |
| MQTL5B.2 (10.27–241.26) | AX-110433617/D-1405540 (32.91–33.25) | 8 (4.77) | SPP, SL, RN, SRA, RD, RV, RDM/SDW (9.24) |
| MQTL5B.3 (23.33–34.54) | AX-110675968/Xwmc149 (51.81–52.45) | 14 (5.12) | RFW/SFW, N/grain, SL, NUpE, SC, TNC, SSS, GW, FSS, SP, Peduncle N (9.16) |
| MQTL5B.5 (55.39–69.13) | AX-110612519/AX-109473183 (63.33–64.53) | 11 (4.56) | GW, SP, RD, GW, DTH, SRA, PH, RD, SC (7.52) |
| MQTL5D.6a (266.06–374.26) | Xwmc608/D_3948828 (62.37–62.4) | 26 (11) | Peduncle N, GFD, SP, Grain %N, LEC, RDM, SL, FSS, TFW, RN, SPS, DTH/M, SSS, Lodging, PH, NUpE, StNC, SDW, TDM, SFW, RFW (12) |
| MQTL6A.1 (15.94–19.6) | AX-109274358/AX-109856662 (45.82–48.81) | 22 (5) | GW, ADM, NUpE, GY, TNC, SC, NUtE, SNC, HI, FSS, SRA, StNC, ADM, LEC, RDM/TDM (9.43) |
| MQTL6B.1 (150.29–591.18) | Xgwm361/AX-108725475 (3.89–6.01) | 7 (7.31) | PH, RS, GW, TDM, RDM, SL, SP (11.16) |
| MQTL6B.2 (492.61–653) | AX-109440201/AX-110594295 (6.78–8.86) | 12 (10) | RN, StNC, PH, GW, SPP, grain N/ear, NUpE, N/grain, Peduncle N, RDM, DTH (13.86) |
| MQTL6B.3 (470.81–694.99) | S-1054930/Xbarc18 (21.28–23.41) | 5 (4.92) | StNC, GW, SL, RL, RD (11) |
| MQTL6B.4 (30.25–596.18) | Xwmc417/Xgwm963 (29.79–32.01) | 6 (5.07) | leaf GS activity, RS, RV, RL, SPS, GY (11.45) |
| MQTL6B.5 (375.5–666.28) | D-1270032/AX-108981289 (40.72–41.91) | 9 (3.9) | RL, FSS, SPS, GW, SRA, SSS (8.12) |
| MQTL6B.6 (125.54–149.17) | Xwmc104/S-1276135 (46.81–46.98) | 3 (5.08) | RNC, SL, SRA (6.30) |
| MQTL6D.1 (0.06–1.57) | Xpsp3200/AX-111503712 (0–0.49) | 2 (5.61) | NUtE, FSS (11.69) |
| MQTL6D.2 (7.28–7.71) | AX-108726481/AX-109882824 (10.37–11.88) | 7 (5.15) | N/grain, RS, GW, RL, SRA, RD, SNC (7.47) |
| MQTL6D.3 (16.39–26.4) | D-1208709/D-1243222 (33.68–38.13) | 3 (6.43) | GW, GN/ear, grain N/ear (12.29) |
| MQTL6D.4 (469.39–472.15) | Xfba85a/Xbarc24 (50.4–53.03) | 4 (6.25) | GW, RL, SRA (8.32) |
| MQTL6D.5 (129.49–472.15) | Xwmc113/Xbarc146 (58.13–59.5) | 2 (3.45) | RL, SL (9.74) |
| MQTL6D.6 (79.95–129.49) | Xbarc146/Xgwm325 (63.68–64.25) | 8 (6.32) | grain N/plant, GW, leaf GS activity, SC, RL, SL (11.95) |
| MQTL6D.7 (97.82–117.36) | Xwmc822/Xgpw304 (76.17–76.38) | 4 (3) | NUtE, GY, ADM (9.25) |
| MQTL7A.1 (9.75–10.09) | S_1000950/D_1208529 (12.44–13.56) | 3 (4.23) | HI, SL, NUE (7.81) |
| MQTL7A.3 (23.23–26.57) | AX-109938650/AX-108779571 (30.4–31.15) | 5 (9.89) | NUE, SPS, FSS, LFW (5.55) |
| MQTL7A.4 (17.33–26.31) | D_1217265/D_4405207 (40.72–42.25) | 13 (4.35) | SRA, FSS, RN, GY, NUtE, RNC, PH, LEC, TDM (8.89) |
| MQTL7A.5 (26.31–36.65) | D_1100222/AX-111761655 (45.49–46.32) | 7 (3.76) | SNC, TNC, SRA, FSS, SDW, RFW/SFW, GY (8.20) |
| MQTL7A.6 (43.45–210.63) | wPt-7113/wPt-9496 (57.12–58.82) | 8 (5.57) | RFW/SFW, GN, DTH, GW, grain %N, PH, SNC (8.7) |
| MQTL7A.7 (15.08–47.44) | S_1124198/AX-111761577 (63.74–64.27) | 10 (5.06) | leaf GS activity, SP, SDW, TDM, RD, TNC, RDM, RD, FSS (9.4) |
| MQTL7B.2 (414.81–736.87) | D-1100569/AX-109277778 (69.77–71.14) | 12 (4.56) | GW, NUtE, TNC, RNC, TDM, SDW, StNC, RDM, DTM, PH (11.7) |
| MQTL7B.3 (718.19–733.8) | D-1061740/Xfbb226.1 (88.29–88.31) | 16 (4.49) | GW, NUtE, GN, NUE, RL, RDM/SDW, TDM, SSS, RFW/SFW, RDM, DTH (9.58) |
| MQTL7D.1 (5.99–8.23) | wPt-743790/Xwmc506 (21.67–22.08) | 7 (4.39) | RL, SPS, NUtE, GNC, DTM, RN (11.27) |
| MQTL7D.3 (18.4–89.83) | AX-109353584/D_2291069 (47.77–48.72) | 9 (6.62) | LFW, NUE, HI, PH, SP, DTH, GW, leaf GS activity (9.19) |
| MQTL7D.7 (116.69–256.75) | D_1110200/D_1401510 (96.51–96.57) | 4 (11.45) | SSS, GW, FSS, RFW/SFW (20) |
aBreeder’s QTLs, bTraits: FSS fertile spikelet per spike, SPP spikes per plant, SSS sterile spikelets per spike, SPS spikelets per spike, SL spike length, BSSPS bottom sterile spikelet per spike, SC spike compactness, TDM total dry matter, RDM root dry matter, ADM aerial dry matter, SDM shoot dry matter, RDM/SDM ratio of root and shoot dry matter, RUE radiation use efficiency, GNC grain N concentration, SNC shoot N content per plant, RNC root N content, TNC total N content, SP soluble protein, GPC grain protein content, LFW leaf fresh weight, TFW total fresh weight, SFW shoot fresh weight, NUpE nitrogen uptake efficiency, NUtE nitrogen utilization efficiency, GY grain yield, GW grain weight, GFD grain filling duration, DTH/F/M days to heading/flowering, and maturity, TN tiller number, PH plant height, GN grain number, RFW root fresh weight, RFW/SFW shoot fresh weight, LEC leaf extract colour, LA leaf area, SWPP straw weight per plant, RL root length, RN root number, RV root volume, RSA root surface area, SRA seminal root angle, and RD root diameter