Table 3.
Wheat orthologues of known rice genes for NUE related functions, with names of these rice genes and effects on phenotype related with NUE
| MQTL [wheat homologue] | Rice gene (encoded protein) | Effect on phenotype related with NUE |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Genes involved in signaling | ||
| MQTL1A.5 [TraesCS1A02G215900 (TaSAPK6-1A)]; aMQTL1B.3, 1B.4, 1B.7 [TraesCS1B02G229400 (TaSAPK6-1B)]; MQTL1D.3 [TraesCS1D02G218200 (TaSAPK6-1D)] | OsSAPK6 (Sucrose non-fermenting-1 related kinases) | Higher NUpE |
| MQTL1A.5 [TraesCS1A02G215900 (TaSAPK7-1A)] | OsSAPK7 (Sucrose non-fermenting-1 related kinases) | |
| 2. Genes involved in N assimilation | ||
| MQTL6B.2, 6B.3, 6B.5 [TraesCS6B02G364600 (TaNiR1-6B)]; MQTL6D.5 [TraesCS6D02G313100 (TaNiR1-6D)] | OsNiR1 (Ferredoxin-nitrite reductase) | Increased NO2 − assimilation |
| 3. Genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis | ||
| MQTL1A.5, 1A.6 [TraesCS1A02G085600 (TaAlaAT10-1-1A/TaAlaAT-4-1A)]; MQTL1B.3, 1B.4, 1B.7 [TraesCS1B02G102700 (TaAlaAT10-1-1B/TaAlaAT-4-1B)] | OsAlaAT10-1, OsAlaAT4 (alanine aminotransferase) | Increased seed yield under low N input |
| MQTL5B.2 [TraesCS5B02G066600 (TaAlaAT10-2-5B)] | OsAlaAT10-2 (alanine aminotransferase) | |
| MQTL1A.4, 1A.5 [TraesCS1A02G382800 (TaASN2-1A)]; MQTL1B.4, 1B.6, 1B.7 [TraesCS1B02G408200 (TaASN2-1B)] | OsASN2 (Asparagine synthetase) | Increased seed yield and N content at high N and low N input |
| MQTL4B.2, MQTL4B.3, MQTL4B.4 [TraesCS4B02G194400 (TaASN1-4B)] | OsASN1 (Asparagine synthetase) | |
| MQTL5B.2 [TraesCS5B02G084600 (TaAS-5B)] | OsAS (Asparagine synthase) | |
| MQTL3A.5 [TraesCS3A02G305400 (TaASP4-3A)]; MQTL3B.3 [TraesCS3B02G331100 (TaASP4-3B)] | OsASP4 (Aspartate aminotransferase) | Increased AspAT activity |
| MQTL1A.5 [TraesCS1A02G160200 (TaASP6-1A)]; MQTL1B.3, 1B.4, 1B.7 [TraesCS1B02G176400 (TaASP6-1B)]; MQTL1D.3 [TraesCS1D02G157400 (TaASP6-1D)] | OsASP6 (Aspartate aminotransferase) | |
| MQTL6B.3 [TraesCS6B02G393600 (TaASP1-6B)] | OsASP1 (Aspartate aminotransferase) | |
| MQTL4B.2, 4B.3, 4B.4 [TraesCS4B02G240900 (TaGS1-4B)]; MQTL6B.1, 6B.2, 6B.3, 6B.4, 6B.5 [TraesCS6B02G327500 (TaGS1-6B)] | OsGS1 (Glutamine synthetase) | Increased NUE |
| MQTL4B.2, 4B.3, 4B.4 [TraesCS4B02G240900 (TaGS2-4B)] | OsGS2 (Glutamine synthetase) | |
| MQTL2D.5 [TraesCS2D02G251800 (TaGOX4-2D)] | OsGOX4 (Glycolate oxidase) | |
| MQTL3B.3 [TraesCS3B02G299800 (TaGOGAT1/3-3B)]; MQTL3D.3 [TraesCS3D02G266400 (TaGOGAT1/3-3D)] | GOGAT1 and GOGAT3 (Glutamate synthase (NADPH/Ferredoxin) | Improved total N content, grain filling, and dry weight |
| MQTL4B.4 [TraesCS4B02G288100 (TaGGT2-4B)] | OsGGT2 (Glutamate glyoxylate aminotransferase) | Biosynthesis and metabolism of major amino acids |
| MQTL4B.2, MQTL4B.3, MQTL4B.4 [TraesCS4B02G167100 (TaGGT3-4B)] | OsGGT3 (Glutamate glyoxylate aminotransferase) | |
| MQTL5D.2 [TraesCS5D02G442000 (TaGDH1-5D)] | OsGDH1 (Glutamate dehydrogenase NAD(P)H) | Increased levels of free amino acids including glutamate |
| 4. Genes encoding transcription factors | ||
| MQTL1A.4, 1A.5 [TraesCS1A02G411700 (TaNF-YB2.1-1A)]; MQTL1B.7 [TraesCS1B02G442000 (TaNF-YB2.1-1B)] | OsNF-YB2.1 (Nuclear factor Y) | Increased GY |
| MQTL3B.3 [TraesCS3B02G385600 (TaNF-YB2.2-3B)]; MQTL3D.2, 3D.3 [TraesCS3D02G347000 (TaNF-YB2.2-3D)] | OsNF-YB2.2 (Nuclear factor Y) | |
| MQTL5B.2 [TraesCS5B02G100300 (TaFBX94-5B)] | OsFBX94 (Aberrant panicle organization) | |
| MQTL5B.2 [TraesCS5B02G013000 (TaHLHm4-5B)]; MQTL5D.1 [TraesCS5D02G020600 (TaHLHm4-5D)] | OsHLHm4 (bHLH transcriptional factor) | improved N fixation and NH4 + transport |
| MQTL4B.1 [TraesCS4B02G345800 (TaHLHm1-4B)] | OsHLHm1 (bHLH transcriptional factor) | |
| MQTL6B.4 [TraesCS6B02G075200 (TaNAC9-6B/NAM-B1)] | OsNAC9/SNAC1 (NAM, ATAF1,2, and CUC2) | Enhanced nutrient remobilization, and grain protein content |
| 5. Genes encoding transporters | ||
| MQTL3B.3, 3B.6 [TraesCS3B02G285900 (TaNRT2.3-3B)]; MQTL3D.3 [TraesCS3D02G254900 (TaNRT2.3-3D)] | OsNRT2.3 (Nitrate transporter 2) | Increased nitrate content and dry weight in shoots |
| MQTL7B.2 [TraesCS7B02G328700 (TaNRT2.4-7B)] | OsNRT2.4 (Nitrate transporter 2) | |
| MQTL6B.1, 6B.4, 6B.5 [TraesCS6B02G238700 (TaNAR2.2-6B)]; MQTL6D.5 [TraesCS6D02G193100 (TaNAR2.2-6D)] | OsNAR2.2 (NRT2 partner protein) | Increased nitrate content |
| MQTL1A.5 [TraesCS1A02G197600 (TaNPF7.7-1A)]; MQTL1B.3, 1B.4, 1B.7 [TraesCS1B02G212200 (TaNPF7.7-1B)]; MQTL1D.3 [TraesCS1D02G201100 (TaNPF7.7-1D)] | OsNPF7.7/OsPTR10 (Nitrate transporter) | |
| MQTL4B.2, 4B.3, 4B.4 [TraesCS4B02G231500 (TaNRT1-4B)] | OsNPF8.9/OsNRT1 (Nitrate transporter) | |
| MQTL4A.3, 4A.4, 4A.5, 4A.6 [TraesCS4A02G367300 (TaNAR2.1-4A)]; | OsNAR2.1 (NRT2 partner protein) | |
| MQTL6B.1, 6B.4, 6B.5 [TraesCS6B02G254800 (TaAMT1.2/1.3-6B)]; MQTL6D.5 [TraesCS6D02G208200 (TaAMT1.2/1.3-6D)] | OsAMT1.2 and OsAMT1.3 (Ammonium transporter) | increased ammonium uptake |
| MQTL7A.6 [TraesCS7A02G156600 (TaLHT1-7A)] | OsLHT1 (Lysine histidine transporter) | improved plant performance under low N condition |
aMQTLs had overlapping physical regions, therefore some wheat genes were detected repeatedly in different MQTL regions