Table 3.
Prevalence of behavioural clinical and biological characteristics of the study participant, EPHI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018 (n = 450).
| Characteristics | N (%) of total | Sex | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male n (%) | Female n (%) | |||
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Never smoke | 405 (90) | 190 (81.9) | 215 (98.6) | < 0.005 |
| Current smoker | 19 (4.2) | 18 (7.8) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Previous smoker | 26 (5.8) | 24 (10.3) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Alcohol intake status, n (%) | ||||
| No | 150 (33.3) | 60 (25.9) | 90 (41.3) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 300 (66.7) | 172 (74.1) | 128 (58.7) | |
| Physical activity level, n (%) | ||||
| Vigorous | 133 (29.6) | 74 (31.9) | 59 (27.1) | 0.365 |
| Moderate | 295 (65.6) | 149 (64.2) | 146 (67.0) | |
| Low | 22 (4.8) | 9 (3.9) | 13 (4.9) | |
| Khat chewing status, n (%) | ||||
| Never chewed | 379 (84.2) | 166 (71.6) | 213 (97.7) | < 0.005 |
| Current chewer | 19 (4.2) | 19 (8.2) | 0 (0) | |
| Previous chewer | 52 (11.6) | 47 (20.3) | 5 (2.3) | |
| Serving of fruit and vegetable per day (WHO) recommendation | ||||
| ≥ 5 | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | 0.965 |
| < 5 | 448 (99.6) | 231 (99.6) | 217 (99.6) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Normal | 252 (56) | 128 (55.2) | 124 (56.9) | 0.001 |
| Overweight | 167 (37.1) | 97 (41.8) | 70 (32.1) | |
| Obese | 31 (6.9) | 7 (3.0) | 24 (11.0) | |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
| Normal | 344 (76.4) | 172 (74.1) | 172 (78.9) | 0.019 |
| Raised blood pressure | 106 (23.6) | 60 (25.9) | 46 (21.1) | |
| Lipid profiles | ||||
| Cholesterol < 200 mg/dl | 323 (71.8) | 158 (68.1) | 165 (75.7) | 0.074 |
| Cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl | 127 (28.2) | 74 (31.9) | 53 (24.3) | |
| Triglyceride < 150 mg/dl | 363 (80.7) | 161 (64.4) | 202 (92.7) | < 0.005 |
| Triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl | 87 (19.3) | 71 (30.6) | 16 (7.3) | |
| Normal HDL mg/dl | 264 (58.7) | 141 (60.8) | 123 (56.4) | 0.349 |
| Low HDL mg/dl | 186 (41.3) | 91 (39.2) | 95 (43.6) | |
| Normal LDL(< 130) mg/dl | 337 (74.9) | 166 (71.6) | 171 (78.4) | 0.092 |
| High LDL (> 130) mg/dl | 113 (25.1) | 66 (28.4) | 47 (21.6) | |
| Blood glucose | ||||
| Normal | 439 (97.6) | 224 (96.6) | 215 (98.6) | 0.121 |
| Hyperglycemia | 11 (2.4) | 8 (3.4) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Dyslipidemia based on NCEP-ATPII | ||||
| Normal | 227 (50.4) | 113 (48.7) | 114 (52.3) | 0.447 |
| Dyslipidemia | 223 (49.6) | 119 (51.3) | 104 (47.7.6) | |
| CO-based on IDF | ||||
| Normal | 89 (19.8) | 28 (12.1) | 61 (28.0) | < 0.005 |
| Obese | 361 (80.2) | 204 (87.9) | 157 (72.0) | |
| CO-based on NCEP-ATPII | ||||
| Normal | 307 (68.2) | 197 (84.9) | 110 (50.5) | < 0.005 |
| Obese | 143 (31.8) | 35 (15.1) | 108 (49.5) | |
| CO-based on WHtR | ||||
| Normal | 130 (28.9) | 68 (29.3) | 62 (28.4) | 0.839 |
| Obese | 320 (71.1) | 164 (70.7) | 156 (71.6) | |
*BMI body mass index, raised blood pressure (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg and/or on medication), hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl and/or on medication), LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HDL low < 40/50 mg/dl (M/F) CO (central obesity waist circumference IDF ≥ 90/80 cm, NCEP-ATP III ≥ 102/88 cm male/female); WHtR (waist to height ratio), CO ≥ 0.5.