Table 4.
Prevalence of blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profiles abnormalities and central obesity of study participants at EPHI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018 (n = 450).
| Characteristics | High blood pressure, n (%) | Elevated fasting blood glucose, n (%) | Dyslipidemia, n (%) | Centrally obese by IDF, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 60 (25.9) | 8 (3.4) | 119 (51.3) | 204 (87.9) |
| Female | 46 (21.1) | 3 (1.4) | 104 (47.7) | 157 (72) |
| Total | 106 (23.6) | 11 (2.4) | 223 (49.6) | 361 (80.2) |
| Age | ||||
| 18–28 | 9 (9.3) | 0 (0) | 46 (47.4) | 49 (50.5) |
| 29–38 | 24 (12.9) | 1 (0.5) | 88 (47.3) | 157 (84.4) |
| 39–48 | 39 (40.6) | 3 (3.1) | 58 (60.4) | 89 (92.7) |
| 49–58 | 24 (43.6) | 5 (9.1) | 26 (47.3) | 50 (91.9) |
| 59–69 | 10 (62.5) | 2 (12.5) | 5 (32.2) | 16 (100) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoked | 91 (22.5) | 7 (1.7) | 202 (49.9) | 319 (78.8) |
| Current smoker | 5 (26.3) | 3 (15.8) | 6 (31.6) | 18 (94.7) |
| Previous smoker | 10 (38.5) | 1 (3.8) | 15 (57.7) | 24 (92.3) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| No | 23 (15.3) | 1 (0.7) | 74 (49.3) | 108 (72) |
| Yes | 83 (27.7) | 10 (3.3) | 149 (49.7) | 253 (84.3) |
| Physical activity level | ||||
| Vigorous | 36 (27.1) | 2 (1.5) | 65 (48.9) | 114 (83.7) |
| Moderate | 63 (21.4) | 9 (3.1) | 146 (49.5) | 233 (79) |
| Low | 7 (31.8) | 0 (0) | 12 (54.5) | 14 (63.6) |
| Khat chewing status of respondent | ||||
| Never chewer | 90 (23.7) | 8 (2.1) | 183 (48.3) | 300 (79.2) |
| Current chewer | 2 (10.5) | 1 (5.3) | 10 (52.6) | 16 (84.2) |
| Previous chewer | 14 (26.9) | 2 (3.8) | 30 (57.7) | 45 (86.5) |
| Days of fruit and vegetable intake per week | ||||
| ≥ 5 | 7 (19.4) | 1 (2.8) | 19 (52.8) | 28 (77.8) |
| 3–5 | 19 (30.2) | 2 (3.2) | 31 (49.2) | 46 (73) |
| < 3 | 80 (22.8) | 8 (2.3) | 173 (49.3) | 287 (81.8) |
| BMI | ||||
| Normal | 46 (18.3) | 4 (1.6) | 104 (41.3) | 173 (68.7) |
| Overweight | 42 (25.1) | 4 (2.4) | 102 (61.1) | 158 (94.6) |
| Obese | 18 (58.1) | 3 (9.7) | 17 (54.8) | 30 (96.8) |
| WHtR | ||||
| Normal | 14 (10.8) | 1 (0.8) | 45 (34.6) | 46 (35.4) |
| Obese | 92 (28.8) | 10 (3.1) | 178 (55.6) | 315 (98.4) |
| Raised blood pressure | ||||
| Normal | NA | 4 (1.2) | 171 (49.7) | 198 (73.9) |
| Hypertensive | NA | 7 (6.6) | 52 (49.1) | 163 (89.6) |
| Raised blood glucose | ||||
| Normal | 99 (22.6) | NA | 219 (49.9) | 321 (78.9) |
| Hyperglycemia | 7 (63.6) | NA | 4 (36.4) | 40 (93) |
| Lipid profile | ||||
| Normal | 54 (23.8) | 7 (3.1) | NA | 171 (75.30 |
| Dyslipidemia | 52 (23.3) | 4 (1.8) | NA | 190 (85.2) |
| Central obesity by IDF | ||||
| Normal | 19 (21.3) | 1 (1.1 | 33 (37.1) | NA |
| Obese | 163 (45.2) | 10 (2.8) | 190 (52.6) | NA |
HTN hypertension, raised blood pressure (systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg), DM diabetes mellitus (raised fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl), central obesity (defined by a waist circumference ≥ 94 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women), Dyslipidemia (defined by raised triglyceride level ≥ 150 mg/dl and reduced HDL < 40 mg/dl in men and < 50 mg/dl in women). WHtR waist to height ratio (0.5 = normal and ≥ 0.5 obese), BMI body mass index.