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. 2021 Oct 19;11:20672. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99924-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Flowchart of the study. Mice received either none or administrations of low (3 nmol) or high (24 nmol) concentrations of the co-carcinogenic substance dibenzo(a)pyrene (DBP) into the oral cavity three times per week over the entire study period of 12 months. The DBP administration was paralleled by a monthly treatment of the right cheek with either UV (ultraviolet) 8 s, UV 48 s, kINPen plasma 10 s, kINPen plasma 60 s, or MWM plasma 10 s across the period of 12 months. After sacrifice, sampling of tissue for downstream analyses was performed. Each group contained 19–26 animals.