TABLE 2.
Differentially regulated miRNAs in group comparisons.
| Pairwise comparison | miRNA | FC | Log2FC | Adj p a | Up/down |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| +mTBI/+PTSD vs Control | hsa-miR-3190–3p | 1.305 | 0.384 | 0.012 | Up |
| hsa-miR-615–5p | 1.326 | 0.407 | 0.033 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-1185-1-3p | 1.191 | 0.252 | 0.033 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-3196 | 1.368 | 0.452 | 0.036 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-372–3p | 1.273 | 0.349 | 0.038 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-139–5p | 0.867 | −0.206 | 0.048 | Down | |
| hsa-miR-375 | 1.300 | 0.378 | 0.059 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-204–5p | 1.188 | 0.248 | 0.087 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-1277–3p | 1.184 | 0.244 | 0.154 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-509-3–5p | 1.149 | 0.201 | 0.210 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-425–5p | 1.078 | 0.109 | 0.615 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-374a-3p | 0.994 | −0.009 | 0.781 | Down | |
| +mTBI/+PTSD vs + mTBI/-PTSD | hsa-miR-374a-3p | 0.860 | −0.217 | 0.041 | Down |
| hsa-miR-1185-1-3p | 1.131 | 0.178 | 0.057 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-425–5p | 0.886 | −0.174 | 0.089 | Down | |
| hsa-miR-139–5p | 1.154 | 0.206 | 0.095 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-3190–3p | 1.089 | 0.123 | 0.131 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-509-3-5p | 0.918 | −0.124 | 0.253 | Down | |
| hsa-miR-3196 | 1.069 | 0.096 | 0.358 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-204–5p | 0.917 | −0.125 | 0.374 | Down | |
| hsa-miR-1277–3p | 0.934 | −0.098 | 0.392 | Down | |
| hsa-miR-375 | 0.966 | −0.049 | 0.868 | Down | |
| hsa-miR-372–3p | 1.004 | 0.005 | 0.892 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-615–5p | 1.031 | 0.044 | 0.973 | Up | |
| +mTBI/-PTSD vs Control | hsa-miR-139–5p | 0.751 | −0.413 | 0.001 | Down |
| hsa-miR-204–5p | 1.295 | 0.373 | 0.015 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-372–3p | 1.269 | 0.344 | 0.034 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-509-3-5p | 1.252 | 0.324 | 0.035 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-615–5p | 1.287 | 0.364 | 0.037 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-1277–3p | 1.268 | 0.342 | 0.038 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-375 | 1.345 | 0.428 | 0.054 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-3196 | 1.279 | 0.356 | 0.081 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-425–5p | 1.217 | 0.283 | 0.094 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-3190–3p | 1.198 | 0.261 | 0.104 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-374a-3p | 1.155 | 0.208 | 0.107 | Up | |
| hsa-miR-1185-1-3p | 1.052 | 0.074 | 0.640 | Up |
p values for pairwise group comparison after FDR adjustment. Statistically significant p values are marked in bold.
Participants were classified into three groups based on TBI history and severity of PTSD symptoms as measured by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): 1) Control (i.e., -TBI and -PTSD); 2) +mTBI/-PTSD; 3) +mTBI/+PTSD. Comparisons of miRNA levels between groups were performed by using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. Benjamini-Hochberg Procedure for false discovery rate (FDR) was used to adjusted p values. miRNAs with adjusted p < 0.05 were considered differentially regulated and are marked in bold. Abbreviations: mTBI (mild traumatic brain injury), PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder), FC (fold change), Up (upregulated), Down (Downregulated), Adj p (adjusted p value).