TABLE 3.

Linear Regression Models for PCL-5 scores.

Predictors	Est	p	Est	p	Est	p	Est	p	Est	p
(Intercept)	54.50	<0.001	27.18	0.001	12.35	0.216	33.57	0.012	15.07	0.104
Age	−0.62	0.024	-0.43	0.016	0.06	0.768	−0.50	0.057	−0.27	0.192
EV NfL	12.93	0.001					10.36	0.007
Plasma NfL			1.79	<0.001					1.61	<0.001
hsa-miR-139–5p					1.82	0.003	2.82	0.002	1.35	0.020
R 2/R 2 adjusted	0.287/0.221		0.216/0.186		0.094/0.052		0.460/0.381		0.263/0.221

Linear regression models were used to evaluate links between PCL-5 Scores and biomarker levels, controlling for demographics, time since last TBI (years) and number of TBIs. Only significant predictors are shown. Models combining either EV NfL or plasma NfL and hsa-miR-139–5p are also provided. Abbreviations: Est. (estimates); traumatic brain injury (TBI); PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5); Neurofilament light (NfL).