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. 2021 Sep 29;297(5):101229. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101229

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Gonadectomy (GX) reduces sex hormones and increases adiposity. Male and female animals underwent sham surgery or GX at 4 weeks of age and then at 6 weeks of age remained on ND or started HFD. Serum testosterone (A) varied significantly by sex, surgery, and diet, with significant interaction among all factors (p < 0.001 for all) and was lowered by GX in male ND animals ($$$$) and by HFD in sham male animals (####). Serum estradiol (B) varied significantly by surgery and sex and was lowered by GX in female ND animals. Body weight (C) varied significantly by sex, surgery, and diet with significant interaction among all factors. Female sex showed attenuated weight gain in sham animals, whereas GX HFD animals of both sexes gained equal weights. Body composition (D) demonstrated an increase in fat mass with GX in both sexes and an increase in fat mass in male sham compared with female sham. E, energy expenditure (EE) was highest in female sham HFD mice. IWAT (F) and liver (G) weight showed a greater increase in male than female sham HFD animals. With GX, there was no difference by sex in these tissue weights. N = 4 for ND groups and N = 8 for HFD groups. Data shown as average ± SEM. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.005, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.001 between male and female of each group. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.005, and ####p < 0.001 marks differences between ND and HFD of the same sex and surgery group. $p < 0.05, $$p < 0.01, $$$p < 0.005, and $$$$p < 0.001 marks significant differences by surgery. HFD, high-fat diet; IWAT, inguinal white adipose tissue; ND, normal diet.