Table 1.

The comparison of autologous and allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy.

	Autologous CAR-T cell therapy	Universal CAR-T cell therapy
Consistency
Killing mechanism	MHC-independent
Gene editing to avoid fratricide	Carried out if needed
Manufacturing process	T lymphocytes are isolated and transduced with a specific CAR by viral vector, then refused to the patient after amplification
Difference
Cell source	Patients themselves	Healthy donors
Activation of the immune system in patients	Hardly	Possible
Manufacturing Line	Customized	Batched
Additional Gene Editing to avoid GVHD and rejection	Unnecessary	Necessary
Cost	High	Much lower
Immediate availability	No	Yes
Application in T-cell malignancies	Restricted	Promising
Main risks	CRS;CRES	CRS;CRES;GVHD
Limitations	Suboptimal quantity and quality of T cells in patients	Lower amplification and shorter persistence in vivo

CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CRS, cytokine release syndrome; CRES, CAR-T cell-associated encephalopathy syndrome; GVHD, graft versus host disease.