TABLE 2.
The correlation between leukemia-derived EVs and the outcome of patients.
| Study | Results | References |
| AML | ||
| Bernardi et al. | AML patients with higher exosome levels of miR-10b had shorter survival as compared to those with lower levels of miR-10b. | Bernardi and Farina, 2021 |
| Bernardi et al. | The higher expression of exosome miR-532 in AML patients is associated with lower survival, suggesting that miR-532 can act as an independent prognostic marker in AML. | Bernardi and Farina, 2021 |
| Fang et al. | The higher expression of miR-10b in exosomes harvested from the sera of AML patients is associated with the aggressive clinical characteristics of the disease and poorer outcomes in the patients. | Fang et al., 2020 |
| Jiang et al. | The identification of miR-125b in EVs of AML patients is suggestive of elevated risk of disease relapse and shorter 2-years overall survival, introducing miR-125b as an independent prognostic marker. | Jiang et al., 2018 |
| Kontopoulou et al. | Genetic analysis of EVs harvested from pediatric AML patients could be used as a tool to evaluate MRD in the patients. | Kontopoulou et al., 2020 |
| Chen et al. | EVs encapsulating miR-1246 could increase the survival of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in AML patients through targeting LRIG1 and STAT-3 signaling pathway and thereby induce poor outcomes in the patients. | Chen et al., 2021 |
| Bouvy et al. | MRP-1 proteins could be delivered from chemo-resistance HL-60 cells to chemo-sensitive leukemic cells. Circulating EVs containing miR-19b and miR-20a are responsible for the induction of chemo-resistance in AML patients and thereby reduce their overall survival. | Bouvy et al., 2017 |
| Barzegar et al. | AML-derived EVs containing MRD proteins could induce chemo-resistance against idarubicin, suggestive of the participation of EVs in the induction of poor prognosis in AML patients. | Barzegar et al., 2021 |
| Viola et al. | BMSC-derived EVs that contain miR-155 could confer drug resistance against tyrosine kinase inhibitors in AML patients, reduce the opportunity of complete remission in patients. | Viola et al., 2016 |
| Lin et al. | Elevated plasma exosome-derived miR-532 is associated with favorable outcomes in AML patients. | Lin et al., 2020 |
| Jiang et al. | An increased in the expression of exosome miR-125b could increase the risk of relapse in AML patients and is associated with the reduced overall survival. | Jiang et al., 2018 |
| Hong et al. | The reduction in the levels of plasma EV-TGFβ1 protein in AML patients who received chemotherapy is indicative of the favorable response to treatment and induction of long-term complete remission. Changes in EV-TGFβ1 levels in AML patients could be considered a prognostic and risk stratifying factor. | Hong et al., 2017 |
| Hornick et al. | Elevated serum EV levels containing let-7a, miR-99b, -146a, and -191, is associated with poor prognosis in AML patients. | Hornick et al., 2015 |
| Caviano et al. | EV-derived miR-155 is a well-known independent prognostic factor for AML patients. The level of this miRNA correlates with the number of WBCs and complex karyotypes in patients. | Caivano et al., 2017 |
| ALL | ||
| Egyed et al. | The elevation in EV containing miR-181a could be an indicator for CNS involvement for the pediatric patients with ALL. | Egyed et al., 2020 |
| Labib et al. | The upregulation of extracellular miR-22 in pediatric ALL is associated with poor prognosis and shorter overall survival. | Labib et al., 2017 |
| Rzepiel et al. | Detetction of miR-128-3p and miR-222-3p in blood of ALL patients could be indicator of MRD and thus far these circulating miRNAs could be considered a prognostic maker for ALL patients. | Rzepiel et al., 2019 |