Table 2:

Validated adherence measures based on self-report

Author	Instrument name	Structure and development/validation references
Morisky et al.	Morisky-Green test	4-item scale with yes/no answers54
Chisholm et al.	Immunosuppressant Therapy Adherence Scale (ITAS)	Originally validated 5-item scale with categorical answers55 4-item scale also utilized56 Later validated in solid-organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppression57
University of Basel	Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS)	Most updated version contains 6 YES/NO items, with additional questioning with 5 response categories if implementation problems are detected.58 Initially validated in patients with HIV59 Later validated in Brazilian kidney-transplant recipients60
Hayes et al. (per Ahearn61)	Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)	Single question: “In a time period, how much medicine did you take as prescribed?” with answers on an analogue scale (0–100%) Validated for HCV patients taking antivirals62 Some data in HIV patients taking ART63
Ziegelmann et al.	Transplant Effects Questionnaire (TxEQ)	24-item questionnaire around 5 conceptual factors with 5-point Likert scale for answers64 Developed for use in organ transplant patients
Knobel et al.	Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ)	6-item scale with different answer types.65 Validated in renal transplant patients66
Grady et al.	Assessment of Problems with the Heart Transplant Regimen	26-item scale with 4-point Likert scale for answers29 Developed for use in heart transplant patients
Goetzmann et al.	Medication Experience Scale for Immunosuppressants (MESI)	7-item scale with scored answers, total between 4 and 3367 Developed for use in solid organ transplant patients

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; ART: Anti-retroviral therapy;