Table 2. Summary Estimates of ORs and 95% CIs of Self-harm Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder by Study Characteristics.
| Study characteristic | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-injurious behavior | Suicidality | Self-harm (self-injurious behavior or suicidality) | |
| Overall | 3.18 (2.45-4.12) | 3.32 (2.60-4.24) | 3.26 (2.74-3.89) |
| Children | 2.99 (1.93-4.64) | 2.53 (1.70-3.76) | 2.74 (2.17-3.44) |
| Adults | 3.38 (2.54-4.50) | 3.84 (2.78-5.30) | 3.97 (3.11-5.01) |
| Setting | |||
| Clinical | NA | NA | 2.93 (2.07-4.16) |
| Nonclinical | NA | NA | 3.37 (2.73-4.16) |
| Asia | NA | NA | 5.38 (4.05-7.14) |
| Europe | NA | NA | 2.98 (2.40-3.72) |
| North America | NA | NA | 3.22 (2.32-4.47) |
Abbreviations: NA, not available; OR, odds ratio.