Garland 2016.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: randomized controlled trial Study grouping: parallel group
Participants	Substance: various substances Baseline characteristics Mindfulness‐based intervention Number randomized: 64 Control 1 Number randomized: 64 Control 2 Number randomized: 52 Overall Number randomized: 180 Included criteria: 18 years or older, current substance use disorder diagnosis, current psychiatric disorder diagnosis, homelessness prior to entering the therapeutic community Excluded criteria: active psychosis, substance withdrawal Number missing: 52 Reason missing: dropped out of therapeutic community, relapsed while in treatment Baseline differences: no differences on average number of substance use disorder diagnoses or trauma exposure Age: 37.6 Percent female: 0% Race/Ethnicity: 40 to 44% White, 44 to 45% Black, 12 to 14% Other
Interventions	Intervention characteristics Mindfulness‐based intervention Group name: Mindfulness‐oriented recovery enhancement Theory: MORE (Garland, 2013) Duration: 10 weeks Timing: 1x week for 2 hours Delivery: group Providers: clinical social worker with mindfulness practice experience and clinical experience offering mindfulness training to persons with psychiatric disorders Co‐intervention: unclear Integrity: supervised by first author / developer of MORE, structured manuals with treatment implementation protocols, weekly supervision, fidelity checklist Compliance: not reported Control 1 Group name: Cognitive Behavior Therapy Theory: Seeking Safety (Najavits, 2002) Duration: 10 weeks Timing: 1x week for 2 hours Delivery: group Providers: masters‐level clinicians with experience treating people with addiction, trauma, and psychiatric disorders Co‐intervention: unclear Integrity: weekly supervision, review of sessions, competence and adherence scales Compliance: not reported Control 2 Group name: TAU Theory: Coping skills groups (Monti & Rohsenow, 1999) Duration: 10 weeks Timing: unclear Delivery: group Providers: not reported Co‐intervention: unclear Integrity: not reported Compliance: not reported
Outcomes	Penn Alcohol Craving Scale Outcome type: continuous outcome Reporting: fully reported Direction: lower is better Data value: endpoint Time point: post‐treatment Treatment acceptability (attrition) Outcome type: dichotomous outcome Reporting: fully reported Direction: lower is better Data value: endpoint Time point: post‐treatment
Identification	Sponsorship source: SAMHSA, NIDA Country: USA Setting: residential Authors name: Eric L. Garland Institution: University of Utah Email: eric.garland@socwk.utah.edu Address: 395 South, 1500 East, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA. COI: The first author (ELG) developed the Mindfulness‐Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) intervention, and has received income from the MORE treatment manual (Garland, 2013) and therapist training. Diagnosis tool: MINI Diagnosis type: formal Funding: SAMHSA, NIDA Journal: Behaviour Therapy and Research Publication type: published report Secondary publications: none
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Judgement comment: used quote: "randomizer software"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Judgement comment: randomization table created by first author and given to study coordinator
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Judgement comment: no blinding of participants, but research assistants blinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Treatment acceptability (attrition)	Low risk	Objective measure
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All non‐attrition outcomes	High risk	Self‐report
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Judgement comment: dropout rate and reasons similar, used ITT
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Judgement comment: no protocol but clear statement of plausible primary outcomes
Other bias: equivalence of baseline characteristics (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Judgement comment: no differences on some measures, but not reported for all outcomes