Table 2.
Summary of the literature that described the hypoglycemic effect of GLP1 receptor agonists.
| Study | GLP-receptor agonist used | Other drugs used | Study population | Percentage of participants who experienced hypoglycaemic events |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edwards et al 11 | Subcutaneous GLP-1 | — | 10 healthy subjects | 10% |
| Lerche et al 12 | Continuous infused native GLP-1 | — | 8 healthy men | 37.5% |
| Nauck, M., et al 14 | Once daily liraglutide in combination with metformin | Glimepiride + metformin or placebo + metformin | 1091 subjects previously treated with oral antidiabetic (OAD) therapy. | ∼3% of subjects in the placebo and liraglutide groups and 17% in the glimepiride group |
| Marre et al 15 | Liraglutide + glimepiride | Rosiglitazone + glimepiride Placebo + glimepiride |
1041 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus | <10% of subjects for any treatment glimepiride monotherapy 2.6%, -liraglutide 0.6 mg 5.2%, rosiglitazone 4.3% |
| Nauck et al 2 | IV GLP-1 | Regular insulin | Nine healthy volunteers with normal oral glucose tolerance | N/A |
| Buse et al 20 | Liraglutide once a day or exenatide twice a day in addition to their previous oral antidiabetic therapy. | Metformin or A sulphonylurea | Adults with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes on maximally tolerated doses of metformin, sulphonylurea, or both | Minor hypoglycemia: 26% with liraglutide vs 34% with exenatide |
| Blevins et al 23 | Exenatide once weekly and exenatide twice daily | — | 252 intent-to-treat patients with type 2 diabetes | Minor hypoglycemia occurred only among subjects using a concomitant sulphonylurea 6.75% in the exenatide once weekly with a SU (sulphonylurea) group 5.4% in the exenatide twice daily with a SU group |
| Ratner et al 24 | Subcutaneous lixisenatide | Placebo | 542 patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin | (0.9%-5.7%) per group |
| Vilsbøll et al 19 | Subcutaneous injection of GLP-1 plus IV glucose bolus | — | Eight Type 2 diabetic patients and 7 non-diabetic subjects | 71% of the healthy subjects but none of the subjects with type 2 diabetes |
| Knop et al 21 | Subcutaneous injection of GLP-1 plus IV glucose bolus | — | Eight lean type 2 diabetic patients and 8 patients with type 2 diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis | Neither symptoms of hypoglycemia nor biochemical hypoglycemia were observed in any patient |
| Gough et al 17 | A fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) | Insulin degludec alone liraglutide alone | 1663 adults with type 2 diabetes | Number of confirmed hypoglycaemic events per patient year was 1.8 for IDegLira, 0.2 for liraglutide, and 2.6 for insulin degludec |