Table 1.
Reported cases of PD-related MAC peritonitis
| References | Sex | Age (years) | Primary disease or comorbidity | Fever | ESI | Initial PDF WCC and differential | PDF AFB smear | Imaging/pathological findings | diagnostic method | Medications | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulliam et al. [7] | M | 16 | KT | + | + |
1900/μL PMN 80% |
+ | Pathological study: granulomas in peritoneal cavity, lung, and liver | PDF culture |
Isoniazid Rifampin Amikacin |
HD and CVD-related death |
| Perlino [8] | F | 49 | HTN and DCM | NR | + | NR | + | Laparotomy: abdominal caseous material and thickened peritoneum | PDF culture |
Ciprofloxacin Ethambutol Rifampin Amikacin |
HD and CVD-related death |
| Perlino [8] | F | 41 | LN and KT | NR | + | NR | + | Laparotomy: peritoneum with tuberculosis-like lesions | PDF culture |
Ciprofloxacin Ethambutol Rifampin Amikacin |
HD and Infection-related death |
| Perazella et al. [9] | M | 45 | HIV nephropathy | + | – |
161/μL PMN predominance |
+ | CT: abdominal wall abscess unrelated to the PD catheter | PDF culture |
Clarithromycin Clofazimine |
Infection-related death |
| Irizarry et al. [10] | M | 54 | FSGS | + | – |
90/μL Lymphocyte 77% Mononuclear 33% |
+ | Laparotomy: multiple areas of purulence throughout the peritoneum | PDF culture | Amikacin and 3 unknown antibiotics | HD |
| Ferrara et al. [11] | F | 16 | LN | + | – |
226/μL PMN 18% Lymphocyte 33% Macrophage 41% |
– | Sonography: periportal edema, hepatosplenomegaly, possible granulomas within the spleen | PDF culture |
Azithromycin Ethambutol Rifabutin |
HD |
| Falcone et al. [12] | M | 64 | DKD | – | – |
160/μL PMN predominance |
NR | CT: inflammatory changes in the omentum | PDF culture |
Clarithromycin Ethambutol Rifabutin |
HD and Infection-related death |
| Chung JW et al. [13] | F | 69 | Left renal agenesis and HTN | + | – |
170/μL PMN 88% |
– | CT: Multiple lymphadenopathies and multiple masses in the splenic region | Bone marrow DNA sequencing |
Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol |
HD and CVD-related death |
| Miyashita et al. [14] | F | 11 | HSCT | + | – |
613/μL Mononuclear 82% PMN 18% |
+ | No specific finding on CT | PDF DNA sequencing |
Clarithromycin Ethambutol Levofloxacin |
HD |
| Yakota et al. [15] | M | 4 | Hypoplastic kidneys | + | – |
775/μL PMN 74% |
NR | No specific finding on CT | PDF culture |
Clarithromycin Ethambutol Rifampin |
HD and KT |
| The present case | F | 51 | Underdialyzed | + | + |
277/μL PMN 82% Mononuclear 18% |
– | No specific finding on CT or sonography | PDF DNA sequencing |
Azithromycin Ethambutol Rifampin Amikacin |
HD and Infection-related death |
AFB Acid-fast bacilli, CT Computed Tomography, CVD Cardiovascular disease, DCM Dilated cardiomyopathy, DKD Diabetic kidney disease, ESI Exit site infection, FSGS Sclerosing glomerulonephritis, HD Hemodialysis, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, HSCT Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, HTN Hypertension, KT Kidney transplantation, LN Lupus nephritis, NR Not reported, PD Peritoneal dialysis, PDF Peritoneal dialysis fluid, PMN Polymorphonuclear