Table 1.
Demographics, clinical, laboratory and coagulation parameters of COVID-19 patients
| Parameters | Normal values | Results (n = 62) | Survivors (n = 51) | Nonsurvivors (n = 11) | P |
| Days until blood collection | 10.5 (4–36.3) | 8 (3–27) | 36 (19–40) | 0.015∗ | |
| Demographics and clinical parameters | |||||
| Age (years) | – | 61.8 ± 15.2 | 61.2 ± 15.4 | 64.7 ± 14.9 | 0.48 |
| Sex (male/female) | – | 43/19 | 35/16 | 8/3 | 0.78 |
| Comorbidities (yes/no) | – | 49/13 | 39/12 | 10/1 | 0.28 |
| DIC (yes/no) | – | 4/58 | 2/49 | 2/9 | 0.08 |
| Routine laboratory tests | |||||
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 12–16 | 11.6 ± 2.8 | 11.9 ± 0.4 | 10.1 ± 1.1 | 0.05 |
| Platelets (x103/μl) | 140–400 | 280.6 ± 144.5 | 303.4 ± 193.5 | 174.8 ± 391.8 | 0.006∗ |
| Leucocytes (x103/μl) | 4–10 | 7.4 (5.4–10.3) | 7.3 (5.4–9.3) | 11.7 (4.9–15.8) | 0.17 |
| Neutrophils (x103/μl) | 1.8–7.5 | 5.4 (3.6–8.1) | 5.3 (3.5–7.5) | 10.4 (4.7–14.1) | 0.06 |
| Lymphocytes (x103/μl) | 1.3–3.5 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.03∗ |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 0–0.5 | 3.4 (0.6–8.6) | 3 (0.5–8.2) | 4.2 (0.7–9) | 0.64 |
| Procalcitonin (μg/l) | 0–0.5 | 0.07 (0.04–0.12) | 0.06 (0.03–0.1) | 0.09 (0.05–0.36) | 0.08 |
| Ferritin (μg/l) | 5–204 | 753 (382–1309) | 602 (329.5–1180.2) | 1178 (792–1634) | 0.03∗ |
| Interleukin 6 (pg/ml) | 0–4.3 | 30 (10–86.6) | 17.8 (7.7–51.2) | 129.5 (86.5–236.5) | 0.001∗ |
| Coagulation parameters tests | |||||
| PT (s) | 10.5–13.5 | 12.8 (12.1–13.7) | 12.9 (12.1–13.7) | 12.6 (11.3–15.2) | 0.69 |
| INR | 0.8–1.2 | 1.15 (1.09–1.23) | 1.15 (1.09–1.23) | 1.14 (1.03–1.27) | 0.76 |
| APTT (s) | 27–38 | 29.7 (27–33.1) | 29.7 (27.3–32.8) | 30.3 (25.7–44) | 0.87 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 200–400 | 565.7 ± 181.6 | 571.4 ± 23.7 | 539.5 ± 72.3 | 0.60 |
| D-dimer (ng/ml) | 0–250 | 549.5 (289–1071.2) | 497 (248–958) | 801 (407–1773) | 0.24 |
| Free Protein S (%) | 70–140 | 60.6 ± 17.4 | 59.9 ± 2.2 | 64.1 ± 7.5 | 0.48 |
| Protein C (%) | 70–140 | 131.4 ± 40.1 | 131.8 ± 5.01 | 129.5 ± 18.9 | 0.87 |
| Antithrombin (%) | 70–140 | 101.8 ± 23.13 | 101.7 ± 2.7 | 102.7 ± 11.9 | 0.90 |
| Factor II (%) | 60–140 | 99.7 (87.2–108) | 102.3 (89.9–108) | 79.6 (64.7–94.6) | 0.02∗ |
| Factor V (%) | 60–140 | 120.8 ± 37.3 | 122.7 ± 5.4 | 112.2 ± 8.7 | 0.40 |
| Factor VII (%) | 60–140 | 81.3 ± 27.6 | 80.6 ± 3.6 | 84.4 ± 11.1 | 0.68 |
| Factor VIII (%) | 50–200 | 194.5 ± 71.9 | 182.3 ± 8.9 | 251.3 ± 24.7 | 0.003∗ |
| Factor IX (%) | 60–140 | 148.1 ± 42.3 | 146.6 ± 5.3 | 155.3 ± 18.03 | 0.53 |
| Factor X (%) | 60–140 | 105.8 (87.5–124.6) | 105.8 (88.7–124) | 88.7 (81.3–129.7) | 0.43 |
| Factor XI (%) | 60–140 | 122.7 ± 33.01 | 125.9 ± 3.8 | 108.1 ± 15.7 | 0.10 |
| Factor XII (%) | 60–140 | 111.2 ± 37.8 | 114.1 ± 4.9 | 98.03 ± 14.1 | 0.20 |
| ADAMTS13 (%) | 50–160 | 56.5 (44–80.8) | 65 (47–88) | 44 (36–56) | 0.008∗ |
| vWF antigen (%) | 62–175 | 216 (196–439) | 211 (195.3–234) | 511.1 (398–622.5) | 0.001∗ |
| vWF activity (%) | 58–163 | 174.1 (153.5–174.1) | 171 (145.2–174.1) | 174.1 (174.1–178.2) | 0.028∗ |
| PAI-1 (ng/ml) | 4–40 | 52.6 (37.2–85.7) | 55.7 (38.6. 84.6) | 35.1 (31.1–101.3) | 0.23 |
| α2-antiplasmin (%) | 80–120 | 119.4 ± 12.7 | 119.8 ± 12.2 | 117 ± 15.1 | 0.53 |
| Plasminogen (%) | 75–135 | 101 ± 21.6 | 103.5 ± 20.4 | 89.1 ± 24.4 | 0.055 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variables and as median (interquartile range) for nonnormally distributed variables.
APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; DIC, disseminate intravascular coagulopathy; INR, International normalized ratio; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; PT, prothrombin time; vWF, von Willebrand Factor.
∗
indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).