Table 2.
Differential characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted in the ICU and in normal wards
| Parameters | ICU (n = 31) | Non-ICU (n = 31) | P |
| Days until blood collection | 36 (19–42) | 4 (3–9) | <0.001∗ |
| Demographics and clinical parameters | |||
| Age (years) | 59.5 ± 12.7 | 64.1 ± 17.3 | 0.237 |
| Sex (male/female) | 24/7 | 19/12 | 0.168 |
| Comorbidities (yes/no) | 25/6 | 24/7 | 0.755 |
| DIC (yes/no) | 4/27 | 0/31 | 0.039∗ |
| Survivors (yes/no) | 21/10 | 30/1 | 0.003∗ |
| Thrombosis (yes/no) | 9/22 | 4/27 | 0.12 |
| Routine laboratory tests | |||
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 9.8 ± 2.5 | 13.4 ± 1.8 | < 0.001∗ |
| Platelets (x103/μl) | 249.8 ± 164.8 | 311.4 ± 115.5 | 0.093 |
| Lymphocytes (x103/μl) | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 0.066 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 5.9 (1.1–11.1) | 2 (0.4–5.1) | 0.046∗ |
| Procalcitonin (μg/l) | 0.09 (0.05–0.31) | 0.05 (0.03–0.08) | 0.002∗ |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 56 (16.8–145) | 14.4 (6.6–50.8) | 0.009∗ |
| Coagulation parameters tests | |||
| PT (s) | 12.9 (11.9–14) | 12.7 (12.1–13.5) | 0.714 |
| APTT (sec) | 30.8 (27.2–34.5) | 29.1 (27.3–32.8) | 0.554 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 586.4 ± 198.2 | 545 ± 163.9 | 0.374 |
| D-dimer (ng/ml) | 801 (420–1541) | 407 (213–580) | 0.003∗ |
| Free Protein S (%) | 62.7 ± 21.3 | 58.6 ± 12.7 | 0.357 |
| Protein C (%) | 126.9 ± 46.4 | 135.8 ± 33.1 | 0.392 |
| Antithrombin (%) | 98.9 ± 27.8 | 104.7 ± 17.9 | 0.331 |
| Factor II (%) | 99.7 (77.7–108) | 102.3 (89.9–110.9) | 0.472 |
| Factor V (%) | 131.9 ± 43.9 | 109.7 ± 25.3 | 0.017∗ |
| Factor VII (%) | 79 ± 30 | 83.6 ± 25.3 | 0.521 |
| Factor VIII (%) | 234.4 ± 71.3 | 154.7 ± 46.6 | < 0.001∗ |
| Factor IX (%) | 154.2 ± 44.2 | 142.1 ± 40.2 | 0.264 |
| Factor X (%) | 92.9 (76.3–113.9) | 115.4 (97.3–128) | 0.006∗ |
| Factor XI (%) | 118.6 ± 37.2 | 126.8 ± 28.3 | 0.333 |
| Factor XII (%) | 100.3 ± 32.9 | 122.2 ± 39.7 | 0.021∗ |
| ADAMTS13 (%) | 45 (39–58) | 80 (56–93) | < 0.001∗ |
| vWF antigen (%) | 222.9 (191.9–489.3) | 212.4 (198.1–237.9) | 0.404 |
| vWF activity (%) | 174.1 (173–174.1) | 166 (127–187) | 0.110 |
| PAI-1 (ng/ml) | 38.4 (31.9–64.2) | 67.9 (43.4–103) | 0.003∗ |
| α2-antiplasmin (%) | 92.2 ± 19.9 | 109 ± 20.2 | 0.002∗ |
| Plasminogen (%) | 120.1 ± 13.8 | 118.7 ± 11.8 | 0.675 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variables and as median (interquartile range) for nonnormally distributed variables.
APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; DIC, disseminate intravascular coagulopathy; INR, international normalized ratio; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; PT, prothrombin time; vWF, von Willebrand Factor.
∗
indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).