Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants at baseline
| Baseline Characteristics | All Subjects (n=66) |
| Age, yr | 56±12 |
| Male, n (%) | 46 (70) |
| Race, n (%) | |
| Asian | 23 (35) |
| Black | 35 (53) |
| White | 7 (11) |
| Other | 1 (1) |
| ESKD vintage, yr | 2.4 (1.2, 5.3) |
| Vascular access, n (%) | |
| AV fistula | 46 (71) |
| AV graft | 16 (25) |
| Catheter | 3 (5) |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 28 (43) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 40 (61) |
| Hypertension | 56 (85) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 32 (48) |
| Congestive heart failure | 17 (26) |
| Arrhythmia | 21 (32) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 7 (11) |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 141±23 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 77±13 |
| Medication use, n (%) | |
| Aspirin | 30 (45) |
| Statin | 32 (48) |
| ACEI or ARB | 22 (33) |
| Beta blockers | 36 (55) |
| Predialysis serum laboratory values | |
| BUN, mg/dl | 60±18 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 10.0±3.4 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 137±4 |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 5.0±1.0 |
| Calcium, mg/dl | 8.7±0.8 |
| Bicarbonate, mEq/L | 22±4 |
| Magnesium, mg/dl | 2.4±0.5 |
| Phosphate, mg/dl | 5.5±2.0 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 11±1 |
| Serum albumin, g/dl | 3.9±0.3 |
Continuous variables are presented as mean±SD or median (25th, 75th percentiles). AV, arteriovenous; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.