FIG 1.

Inhibition of AHR in THP-1 or HFF-1 cells provides resistance to HSV-1 infection. WT THP-1 and HFF-1 cells were pretreated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or the AHR antagonist α-NF for 12 h and then infected with GFP-expressing HSV-1. (A) After infection with GFP-expressing HSV-1 in WT THP-1 cells for 24 h and 48 h, GFP⁺ THP-1 cells were determined using flow cytometry. SSC, side scatter. (B) Percentage of GFP-positive cells or mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) shown in a histogram. (C) THP-1 cells were infected with HSV-1 for 1, 6, 24, and 48 h in the absence or presence of α-NF. Cells were lysed, and lysates were serially diluted and then used to infect Vero cells to determine viral titers by a TCID₅₀ assay. (D) The count of HSV-1-infected HFF-1 cells was also investigated by flow cytometry. (E) Confocal microscopy was used to visualize HSV-1-infected HFF-1 cells. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. Data are shown as means ± SEM.