TABLE 1.
Main features of the 154 episodes of CAPA according to (i) the presence of host factors following EORTC/MSGERC definitions (group 1), (ii) the presence of a history of respiratory disease (group 2), or (iii) neither of these two conditions (group 3)
| Parametera | Result for: |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (n = 30) | Group 2 (n = 31) | Group 3 (n = 93) | ||
| M/F ratio | 22/30 | 21/31 | 77/93 | 0.172 |
| Median age, yr (IQR = 25–75 yr) | 68 (59–71) | 68 (61–74) | 68 (60–73) | 0.590 |
| Mortality rate, no. (%) | 23/30 (76.7) | 14/31 (45.2) | 34/93 (36.6) | 0.001 b |
| Median days between hospitalization and diagnosis, no. (IQR = 25–75 days) | 9 (5–13) | 9 (4–13) | 9 (5–13) | 0.665 |
| Steroids for COVID-19, no. (%) (n = 146) | 11/28 (39.3) | 7/28 (25) | 31/90 (34.4) | 0.506 |
| Prescription of any antifungal drug for ≥3 days, no. (%) (n = 148) | 22/27 (78.9) | 25/31 (80.6) | 71/90 (78.9) | 0.948 |
| BAL fluid as respiratory specimens, no. (%) (n = 77) | 14/29 (48.3) | 15/30 (50) | 48/93 (51.6) | 0.928 |
| Diagnostic means | ||||
| Culture, no. (%) | ||||
| Done (n = 153 [99.4%]) | 29 (96.7) | 31 (100) | 93 (100) | |
| Positive (n = 116 [76.8%]) | 25/29 (86.2) | 28/31 (90.3) | 63/93 (67.7) | 0.014 b |
| Direct examination, no. (%) | ||||
| Done (n = 100 [64.94%]) | 21 (70.0) | 16 (51.6) | 63 (67.7) | 0.215 |
| Positive (n = 32 [32.0%]) | 7/21 (33.3) | 9/16 (56.3) | 16/63 (25.4) | 0.061 |
| BAL GM index of >1, no. (%) | ||||
| Done (n = 59 [38.3%]) | 13/30 (43.3) | 5/31 (16.13) | 41/93 (44.1) | 0.018 b |
| GM index of >1 (n = 38 [64.4%]) | 6/13 (46.2) | 4/5 (80.0) | 28/41 (68.3) | 0.261 |
| BAL Aspergillus PCR, no. (%) | ||||
| Done (n = 104 [67.5%]) | 23/30 (76.7) | 19/31 (61.3) | 62/93 (66.7) | 0.422 |
| Positive (n = 89 [85.6%]) | 20/23 (87.0) | 17/19 (89.5) | 52/62 (83.9) | 0.812 |
| Serum GM index of >0.5, no. (%) | ||||
| Done (n = 132 [85.7%]) | 28/30 (93.3) | 23/31 (74.2) | 81/93 (87.1) | 0.085 |
| Positive (n = 25 [18.9%]) | 7/28 (25.0) | 2/23 (8.7) | 16/81 (19.8) | 0.320 |
| Serum Aspergillus PCR, no. (%) | ||||
| Done (n = 61 [39.6%]) | 13/30 (43.33) | 9/31 (29.03) | 39/93 (41.93) | 0.400 |
| Positive (n = 11 [18.0%]) | 4/13 (30.76) | 1/9 (11.11) | 6/39 (15.38) | 0.236 |
a
M/F ratio, male/female ratio; IQR, interquartile range; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; GM, galactomannan.
b
P < 0.05 are highlighted in bold.