Table 2.
Change in outcomes over 12 months for high and low profiles
| Outcome (standard error) | Baseline | 3 months | 12 months | BL-3 months | BL-12 months | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| z value | p value | Cohen’s d | z value | p value | Cohen’s d | ||||
| PCS | |||||||||
| Low P only; n = 89 | 40.65 (1.02) | 41.45 (1.04) | 39.29 (1.06) | 0.76 | 0.447 | 0.08 | − 1.28 | 0.199 | 0.14 |
| Low P + P; n = 81 | 42.74 (10.7) | 43.06 (1.09) | 41.63 (1.10) | 0.29 | 0.768 | 0.01 | − 1.01 | 0.312 | 0.11 |
| High p only; n = 62 | 5.060 (0.43) | 54.88 (0.45) | 53.13 (0.45) | 2.82 | 0.005 | 0.30 | − 1.03 | 0.301 | 0.11 |
| High P + P; n = 69 | 54.75 (0.41) | 54.89 (0.42) | 54.26 (0.42) | 0.33 | 0.743 | 0.04 | − 1.15 | 0.250 | 0.13 |
| MCS | |||||||||
| Low P only; n = 64 | 42.49 (1.30) | 44.12 (1.44) | 45.21 (1.71) | 0.99 | 0.324 | 0.12 | 1.60 | 0.110 | 0.20 |
| Low P + P; n = 82 | 44.31 (1.14) | 47.58 (1.10) | 50.23 (1.29) | 2.27 | 0.023 | 0.25 | 4.08 | < 0.001 | 0.45 |
| High p only; n = 87 | 57.25 (0.43) | 58.32 (0.44) | 59.06 (0.44) | 2.22 | 0.026 | 0.28 | 3.74 | < 0.001 | 0.40 |
| High P + P; n = 68 | 56.72 (0.49) | 59.25 (0.49) | 58.63 (0.50) | 4.67 | < 0.001 | 0.52 | 3.50 | < 0.001 | 0.42 |
| Depression | |||||||||
| Low P only; n = 58 | 1.17 (0.15) | 0.56 (0.16) | 0.53 (0.16) | − 4.00 | < 0.001 | 0.52 | − 4.12 | < 0.001 | 0.54 |
| Low P + P; n = 84 | 1.60 (0.13) | 0.83 (0.13) | 1.36 (0.13) | − 6.18 | < 0.001 | 0.67 | − 1.94 | 0.052 | 0.21 |
| High p only; n = 93 | 6.36 (0.46) | 5.81 (0.47) | 5.57 (0.48) | − 1.12 | 0.263 | 0.12 | − 1.56 | 0.118 | 0.16 |
| High P + P; n = 66 | 6.99 (0.55) | 5.48 (0.56) | 5.04 (0.57) | − 2.59 | 0.010 | 0.32 | − 3.27 | 0.001 | 0.36 |
| Anxiety | |||||||||
| Low P only; n = 43 | 22.61 (0.50) | 21.52 (0.52) | 21.57 (0.52) | − 1.64 | 0.102 | 0.25 | − 1.56 | 0.119 | 0.24 |
| Low P + P; n = 50 | 25.88 (0.46) | 20.67 (0.47) | 20.37 (0.48) | − 8.59 | < 0.001 | 1.21 | − 8.98 | < 0.001 | 1.27 |
| High p only; n = 108 | 37.59 (1.02) | 34.27 (1.03) | 33.67 (1.06) | − 3.02 | 0.003 | 0.29 | − 3.48 | 0.001 | 0.33 |
| High P + P; n = 100 | 36.30 (1.06) | 33.89 (1.06) | 33.08 (1.09) | − 2.38 | 0.017 | 0.24 | − 2.79 | 0.005 | 0.28 |
| Caregiver burden | |||||||||
| Low P only; n = 108 | 1.60 (0.02) | 1.41 (0.02) | 1.41 (0.02) | − 10.76 | < 0.001 | 1.04 | − 10.17 | < 0.001 | 0.98 |
| Low P + P; n = 96 | 1.49 (0.02) | 1.30 (0.02) | 1.26 (0.02) | − 9.41 | < 0.001 | 0.97 | − 11.52 | < 0.001 | 1.18 |
| High p only; n = 43 | 2.12 (0.07) | 2.12 (0.08) | 2.10 (0.08) | − 0.05 | 0.959 | 0.01 | − 0.28 | 0.780 | 0.04 |
| High P + P; n = 54 | 2.08 (0.07) | 1.80 (0.07) | 1.79 (0.07) | − 4.38 | < 0.001 | 0.59 | − 4.34 | < 0.001 | 0.58 |
| Self-efficacy | |||||||||
| Low P only; n = 94 | 7.45 (0.15) | 7.84 (0.15) | 7.78 (0.15) | 2.64 | 0.008 | 0.27 | 2.18 | 0.029 | 0.22 |
| Low P + P; n = 78 | 7.07 (0.16) | 8.10 (0.16) | 8.24 (0.17) | 6.40 | < 0.001 | 0.72 | 7.12 | < 0.001 | 0.81 |
| High p only; n = 57 | 9.14 (0.06) | 9.71 (0.06) | 9.81 (0.07) | 7.02 | < 0.001 | 0.93 | 8.17 | < 0.001 | 1.18 |
| High P + P; n = 72 | 9.07 (0.06) | 9.71 (0.06) | 9.71 (0.06) | 8.95 | < 0.001 | 1.05 | 8.95 | < 0.001 | 1.05 |
Outcome values for high and low responders at baseline (BL), 3, and 12 months. The comparison of longitudinal outcomes from baseline to 3 months and from baseline to 12 months are simple contrasts from repeated measures mixed models. Differences between the high and low subgroups within the P + P and P-only for all outcomes are significantly different at a p value < 0.001. Bolded values indicate baseline and follow-up values are significantly different at a p value < 0.05