Table 4.

Impacts of illicit drugs on the parameters related to sperm

Parameters		Illicit drugs	Species	References
Abnormal sperm morphology		Marijuana	Human	Sansone et al. (30)
		Iranian Kerack	Mouse	Amini et al. (69)
		Opioids	Human	Safarinejad et al. (38), Nazmara et al. (53)
Decrease in sperm concentration		Iranian Kerack	Mouse	Amini et al. (69)
Decreased sperm motility	Total	Marijuana	Human	Sansone et al. (30)
		Heroin	Human	Nazmara et al. (53), Rezaei-Mojaz et al. (70)
	Progressive	Marijuana	Human	Whan et al. (67)
		Opioids	Mouse	Simin et al. (15), Amini et al. (69)
		Opioids	Human	Safarinejad et al. (38)
Sperm viability		Opioids	Mouse	Simin et al. (15), Amini et al.(69)
Decreased semen volume		Marijuana	Human	Sansone et al. (30)