Table 1. Selected background characteristics, anthropometric indices and biochemical assays of study participants by sex.
| Characteristics | Total (N = 111) | Female (n = 89) | Male (n = 22) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marital Status | ||||
| Not Married | 51.4 (57) | 56.2 (50) | 18.2 (4) | 0.001a |
| Married | 48.6 (54) | 43.8 (39) | 81.8 (18) | |
| Educational Status | ||||
| No Education | 10.8 (12) | 11.2 (10) | 9.1 (2) | 0.312a |
| Primary | 32.4 (36) | 36.0 (32) | 18.2 (4) | |
| Middle/JHS | 36.0 (40) | 34.8 (31) | 40.9 (9) | |
| Secondary + | 20.7 (23) | 18.0 (16) | 31.8 (7) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Ga-Damgbe | 82.0 (91) | 87.6 (78) | 59.1 (13) | 0.002 |
| Other | 18.0 (20) | 12.4 (11) | 40.9 (9) | |
| Age | 57.0 ± 11.2 | 57.5 ± 11.8 | 58.7 ± 8.9 | 0.130 |
| Anthropometric indictor | ||||
| Waist circumference (n = 104) | 100.3 ± 23.0 | 100.3 ± 24.5 | 100.4 ± 16.5 | 0.041 |
| BMI (Kgm-2) | 32.3 ± 8.1 | 32.9 ± 8.1 | 29.8 ± 7.7 | 0.792 |
| Normal | 16.4 (17) | 13.3 (11) | 28.6 (6) | 0.234 |
| Overweight | 31.7 (33) | 32.5 (27) | 28.6 (6) | |
| Obese | 51.9 (54) | 54.2 (45) | 42.9 (9) | |
| Biochemical Assays | ||||
| TG (mmol/l) | 7.3 ± 3.4 | 7.5 ± 3.2 | 6.8 ± 3.8 | 0.315 |
| Normal | 64.9 (72) | 61.8 (55) | 77.3 (17) | 0.173 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 35.1 (39) | 38.2 (34) | 22.7 (5) | |
| HDL-C(mmol/l) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.015 |
| Normal | 45.9 (51) | 40.4 (36) | 68.2 (15) | 0.019 |
| Low HDL-C | 54.1 (60) | 59.6 (53) | 31.8 (7) | |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 5.3 ± 2.9 | 5.4 ± 3.0 | 4.9 ± 2.5 | 0.257 |
| Normal | 67.6 (75) | 63.3 (59) | 72.7 (6) | 0.564 |
| Diabetic | 32.4 | 33.7 (30) | 27.3 (6) | |
| Hemodynamic Parameters | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 151.2 ± 25.1 | 150.0 ± 25.3 | 155 ± 24.4 | 0.330 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 96.3 ± 14.8 | 95.2 ± 14.9 | 100.5 ± 14.1 | 0.135 |
| Duration of hypertension in months | 85.4 ± 87.3 | 83.5 ± 84.3 | 87.4 ± 90.0 | 0.661 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | ||||
| IDF MetS Criteria | 58.4 (59) | 64.2 (52) | 35.0 (7) | 0.018 |
| WHO MetS Criteria | 16.8 (17) | 17.3 (14) | 15.0 (3) | 0.554* |
Values presents mean ±standard deviation (SD) or % (n). Continuous data were compared using unpaired t-test whilst categorical data were compared using chi-square and Fischer’s exact test (a) where indicated.