Table 2.
Pathogens Detected in Whole Blood EDTA Samples Using TaqMan Array Card During Acute Febrile Illness Among Study Participants from Burkina Faso, Madagascar, and Sudan
| Burkina Faso, 53 AFI Cases | Madagascar, 364 AFI Cases | Sudan, 198 AFI Cases | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | Crude Cases (%) | Crude Cases (%) | Crude Cases (%) |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | nd | nd | 2 (1.0) |
| Aeromonas spp. | nd | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.5) |
| Bartonella spp. | 1 (2) | 9 (2.5) | nd |
| Coxiella burnetii | nd | 5 (1.4) | 4 (2.0) |
| Escherichia coli | 2 (4) | 5 (1.4) | 9 (4.5) |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | nd | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1 (2) | 1 (0.3) | 6 (3.0) |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | nd | nd | 1 (0.5) |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 1 (2) | nd | nd |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | nd | 1 (0.3) | nd |
| Rickettsia spp. | 1 (2) | nd | 1 (0.5) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | nd | 2 (0.5) | 4 (2.0) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | nd | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.5) |
| Salmonella | nd | 2 (0.5) | nd |
| Viruses | |||
| Dengue | 6 (11) | 37 (10.2) | 14 (7.1) |
| Enterovirus | nd | 2 (0.5) | nd |
| Rift Valley fever | nd | 1 (0.3) | nd |
| Cytomegalovirus | 8 (15) | 20 (5.5) | 6 (3.0) |
| Fungi | |||
| Candida spp. | nd | 5 (1.4) | 6 (3.0) |
| Histoplasma spp. | nd | nd | 1 (0.5) |
| Parasites | |||
| Plasmodium spp. | 25 (47) | 8 (2.2) | 90 (45) |
| Schistosoma spp. | 1 (2) | 4 (1.1) | 3 (1.5) |
| Samples with pathogen founda | 33 (62) | 86 (24) | 118 (60) |
| Samples with no pathogen found | 20 (38) | 278 (76) | 80 (40) |
Abbreviations: AFI, acute febrile illness; nd, not detected.
a Samples could have multiple coinfections detected.