TABLE 1.
Participant characteristics and associations with proinflammatory adipokines at 10–14 weeks of gestation (N = 321)
| Overall | IL-6 pg/mL | FABP4 ng/mL | Chemerin ng/mL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (weighted %) | Median (IQR) | P | Median (IQR) | P | Median (IQR) | P | |
| Age (y), mean (SE) | 28.2 (0.46) | — | — | — | |||
| Race-ethnicity | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.03 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 75 (30.9) | 0.71 (0.46, 1.32) | 15.08 (10.99, 21.03) | 83.42 (68.52, 97.61) | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 45 (23.3) | 1.13 (0.71, 1.96) | 13.09 (8.28, 17.66) | 80.06 (64.07, 96.13) | |||
| Hispanic | 123 (27.2) | 1.03 (0.57, 1.65) | 13.21 (8.68, 17.16) | 80.87 (64.95, 97.2) | |||
| Asian & Pacific Islander | 78 (18.5) | 0.72 (0.46, 1.10) | 9.12 (6.54, 12.02) | 65.56 (54.11, 84.33) | |||
| Education | 0.14 | 0.46 | 0.28 | ||||
| High school or less | 81 (25.1) | 0.93 (0.50, 1.39) | 12.08 (8.28, 16.3) | 76.91 (61.4, 93.21) | |||
| Some college/associate degree | 117 (35.2) | 0.96 (0.46, 1.67) | 14.1 (7.62, 20.23) | 81.46 (62.28, 97.26) | |||
| 4-y college degree or higher | 123 (39.8) | 0.76 (0.50, 1.43) | 12.75 (9.12, 16.16) | 77.71 (62.7, 91.12) | |||
| Parity | 0.37 | 0.06 | <0.001 | ||||
| Nulliparous | 144 (51.1) | 0.76 (0.47, 1.36) | 12.02 (8.28, 15.46) | 68.52 (56.47, 89.76) | |||
| Multiparous | 177 (48.9) | 1.04 (0.56, 1.58) | 14.4 (1.41, 70.14) | 83.56 (5.03, 248.91) | |||
| Smoked1 | 5 (0.7) | 1.18 (1.18, 1.18) | 0.65 | 20.23 (20.23, 20.23) | 0.17 | 159.84 (159.84, 159.84) | 0.25 |
| Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2, mean (SE) | 25.7 (0.38) | — | — | — | |||
| 19.0–24.9 | 156 (51.7) | 0.72 (0.46, 1.26) | <0.001 | 10.0 (6.81, 13.2) | <0.001 | 72.5 (59.1, 91.7) | 0.003 |
| 25.0–29.9 | 99 (33.1) | 0.89 (0.50, 1.36) | 15.0 (12.1, 19.4) | 80.0 (66.0, 92.8) | |||
| 30.0–45.0 | 66 (15.2) | 1.85 (1.02, 3.20) | 21.7 (16.3, 28.2) | 92.0 (74.6, 113.0) | |||
| GA at delivery (wk), mean (SE) | 39.0 (0.18) | — | — | — | |||
| Birthweight (g), mean (SE) | 3310.4 (48.0) | — | — | — | |||
| Length (cm), mean (SE) | 50.3 (0.23) | — | — | — | |||
| Thigh length (cm), mean (SE) | 10.5 (0.11) | — | — | — | |||
| Upper arm length (cm), mean (SE) | 10.2 (0.09) | — | — | — | |||
| Sum of skinfolds (mm), mean (SE) | 19.7 (0.41) | — | — | — | |||
| Adipokine concentration at 10–14 GWs | — | 0.81 (0.50, 1.48) | 12.91 (8.44, 17.66) | 80.06 (62.28, 95.43) |
1
P value not based on robust variance estimates due to small cell size. FABP4, fatty acid binding protein-4; GA, gestational age; GWs, weeks of gestation.