Fig. 10. Intestinal microbiota contributes to the ameliorated colitis in Prkar2a-dificiency mice.

a–d After treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 4 weeks, WT (n = 7) and Prkar2a^−/− mice (n = 9) were given 1% DSS water for 7 days, followed by 2 days of regular water. Mice were sacrificed at day 9. Data shown in a–d are representative of three independent experiments. a Body weight change. b Histological scores. c Representative H&E-stained images of colon sections. Scale bar = 50 μm. d Graphical presentation of the colon length and photographs of colons. e–h Newborn WT and Prkar2a^−/− mice were cross-fostered with Prkar2a^−/− and WT mothers, respectively (n = 7–8). Eight weeks later, 1.5% DSS water were given for 7 days to induce colitis, followed by 2 days normal water. The mice were sacrificed on day 9. Data shown in e–h are representative of two independent experiments. e Body weight change. f Histological scores. g Representative H&E-stained images of colon sections. Scale bar = 50 μm. h Photographs of colons and graphical presentation of the colon length. i After treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 4 weeks, Prkar2a^fl (n = 6) and Prkar2a^IEC-KO (n = 7) mice were given 1% DSS water for 7 days to induce colitis, followed by 2 days of normal water. Body weight was monitored daily over a period of 9 days. Data shown in i are representative of two independent experiments. j Newborn Prkar2a^fl and Prkar2a^IEC-KO mice were cross-fostered with Prkar2a^IEC-KO and Prkar2a^fl mothers, respectively (n = 7–14). After 8 weeks, 2% DSS water were given for 7 days to induce colitis. Body weight was monitored daily. Data shown in j are representative of two independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Student’s t test (b, d, f, h) or two-way ANOVA (a, e, i, j) was used to do the analysis. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns not significant.