Table 1.
Baseline characteristicsa.
| N | Usual care | Total diet replacement | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 179 | 50.9 ± 11.7 | 50.7 ± 11.2 |
| Gender n (%) | |||
| Female | 99 | 45 (54.2) | 54 (56.3) |
| Male | 80 | 38 (45.8) | 42 (43.8) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White British | 162 | 75 (86.2) | 87 (90.6) |
| Not White British | 17 | 4 (23.5) | 9 (52.9) |
| IMD decileb | 179 | 7.3 ± 2.0 | 7.6 ± 2.0 |
| Weight (kg) | 179 | 105.6 ± 18.8 | 107.4 ± 18.8 |
| Height (cm) | 179 | 169.0 ± 9.6 | 169.2 ± 9.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 179 | 36.1 ± 4.3 | 37.5 ± 6.0 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 177 | 114.0 ± 10.5 | 116.5 ± 13.5 |
| Body fat (%) | 172 | 41.2 ± 7.3 | 42.5 ± 8.1 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
| Systolic | 176 | 130.9 ± 15.2 | 132.6 ± 15.7 |
| Diastolic | 176 | 80.8 ± 9.9 | 83.8 ± 9.3 |
| Medical conditions n (%) | |||
| Type 2 diabetes | 179 | 20 (14.5) | 21 (15.7) |
| Hypertension | 179 | 30 (21.7) | 33 (24.6) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 176 | 40.2 ± 12.6 | 40.7 ± 12.8 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 175 | 5.8 ± 2.1 | 6.1 ± 2.7 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 174 | 105.3 ± 94.4 | 95.8 ± 50.6 |
| HOMA -IR | 171 | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 1.3 |
| HOMA β (%) | 171 | 129.2 ± 91.6 | 115.0 ± 56.3 |
| HOMA S (%) | 171 | 69.0 ± 32.1 | 69.3 ± 36.2 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | |||
| Total | 178 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.1 |
| High-density lipoprotein | 178 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| Low-density lipoprotein | 172 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 0.9 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 178 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.9 |
| QRISK2 (%) | 175 | 9.6 ± 9.0 | 9.5 ± 8.7 |
aValues represent means ± SD or proportion.
bIndex of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) ranks geographical areas of about 500 households in the UK on seven indices: income, employment, health deprivation and disability, education, crime, barriers to housing and services and living environment. These ranks are grouped into deciles which were used for analysis with lowest decile representing the most deprived areas and highest decile representing the least deprived area.