Fig. 1.

Summary of animal models of MSA and recapitulation of MSA pathology. Animals have been utilized to model MSA in vivo using different approaches, such as 1. Toxin based models in rodents and NHPs, 2. Transgenic mouse models overexpressing aSyn in oligodendroglial-specific promoters, 3. Virial vector-mediated aSyn overexpression models in rodents and NHPs, 4. aSyn protein strain models (A). Pathological phosphorylation of aSyn at Serine residue 129 is observed in post-mortem MSA tissue in both the putamen and SN, which is recapitulated in the striatum of rats and nonhuman primates injected with oligodendroglial-specific AAV capsid Olig001-aSyn (B). Scale bars = 25 μm